PACKAGING AND

SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS

By: Palacio & Valencia

 Objectives

1. To know how product features affect packaging

2. To familiarize with packaging fundamentals such
as packaging functions and labeling
3. To appreciate select issues that affect packaging
such as environmental protection and packaging
inefficiencies
4. To be aware with the risks they may encounter
5. To discuss the guidelines that helps a company for
implementation of safety protocol
 Product Characteristics
 Physical Characteristics
 Density of bulk materials
 Ability to withstand exposure to elements
 Respiration
 Chemical Characteristics
 Incompatible products
 Products requiring chemicals
 Characteristics must be made known to
consumers
 Packaging
Packaging refers used for the containment,
protection, handling, delivery, and presentation of goods.

Serves Three (3) General Functions

 To promote

 To protect

 To identify (label ) the relevant product

Building-blocks concept
Smallest unit is consumer package. Each unit is
stocked within the next larger one to protect the product
 Promotional and Protective
Functions of Packaging
 Enclose materials
 Restrain materials from undesired movement
 Separate contents to prevent undesired contact
 Cushion contents from outside vibrations and shocks
 Support the weight of identical containers stacked
above
 Position the contents to provide maximum protection
 Provide for uniform weight distribution
 Provide exterior surface for labeling
 Be tamperproof
 Be safe for consumers or others
 Checklist for Box Users
Your Product
1. Have you given your box maker a description of your product and
its use, the exact dimensions, weight and physical characteristics?
2. Is the product likely to settle or shift?
3. Is it perishable, fragile, or hazardous in any way?
4. Will it need extra protection against vibration, impact, moisture, air,
heat or cold?
5. Will it be shipped fully assembled?
6. Will more than one unit be packed in a box?
7. Will accessories, parts or literature be included with the product?
8. Have you provided your box maker with a complete sample of
your product as it will be packed?
 Checklist for Box Users
Your Packing Operation
1. Is your box inventory adequately geared to re-order lead time?
2. Is your box inventory arranged to efficiently feed your packing lines?
3. Is your inventory of boxes properly stored?
4. Will you be setting up the boxes on automatic equipment? (lf so, what type? Size?
Method of closure?)
5. Will your product be packed automatically? (lf so, with what type of equipment?)
6. lf more than one unit or part goes into each box, have you determined the
sequence?
7. Will inner packing — shells, liners, pads, partitions—be inserted by hand?
8. Is your closure system—tape, stiches, glue—compatible with the box, packing line
speed, customer needs and recycling considerations?
9. Will the box be imprinted or labeled?
10. Will a master pack be used for a multiple of boxes to maintain cleanliness or
appearance?
 Checklist for Box Users
Your Storage
1. Have you determined the gross weight of the filled box?
2. Does the product itself help support weight in stacking?
3. Will the bottom box have to support the full weight in warehouse stacking?
4. Will boxes be handled by lift trucks which use clamps, finger lifts or special
attachments?
5. Will filled boxes be palletized? (The size of pallet and pallet pattern may
justify a change in box design or dimensions, if only to reduce or eliminate
overhang.)
6. Would a change in box style or size make more efficient use of warehouse
space?
7. Will filled boxes be subject to unusual conditions during storage—high
humidity, extreme temperatures. etc.?
8. Is the product likely to be stored outdoors at anytime during its distribution?
9. Would color coding simplify identification of various packed products?
 Checklist for Box Users
Your Shipping
 Have you reviewed the appropriate rules of the
transportation service you intend to use (rail, truck, air,
parcel post, etc.)?
 Is your container authorized for shipment of your product?
 If the package is not authorized, have you requested
appropriate test shipment authorization from the carrier?
 Does your product require any special caution or warning
label or legend for shipment?
 Have you determined the actual inside dimensions of the
transportation vehicle so that you can establish how your
filled boxes will be stacked or braced?
 Checklist for Box Users

Your Customer
 Does your customer have any special receiving, storage or
handling requirements that will affect box design?
 Will the box be used as part of a mass display?
 Is the box intended as a display-shipper?
 Will it contain a separate product display?
 Will it be used as a carry-home package, requiring a
carrying device?
 Does it need an easy-opening feature?
 Can surface design. symbols or colors relate to promotional
materials or to other products of the same corporate family?
 Should instructions or opening precautions be printed on
the box?
 Can the box be made to better sell your product?
Package Testing and Monitoring

 A package system requires 3 types of

information to design
1. Severity of the distribution
environment
2. Fragility of the product
3. Performance characteristics of
various cushion materials
 Package Testing

 Vibrations
 Dropping

 Horizontal impacts

 Compression

 Overexposure to extreme temperatures or

moisture
 Rough handling
 Labeling Retroflective labels
Batch numbers Weight
 Specific contents
 Instructions for use

 Information to allow passage through

customs
 Compliance labeling

 One- or two-dimensional bar codes

 Smart labels or RFID labels

Hazardous Materials Hazardous
Materials Requirements involve
 Governmental regulations address labeling of
hazardous materials
 Requirements involve
 Labeling
 Packaging and repackaging
 Placing warnings on shipping documents
 Notifying transportation carriers in advance
 Globally Harmonized System of Classification and
Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) is a global system to
classify and label hazardous materials.
 Issues in Packaging
Environmental Protection
 Reduce packing materials used
 Use packaging materials that are more
environmentally friendly with recycled
content
 Use reusable containers (closed-loop

system)
 Retain or support services that collect
used packaging and recycle it (closed-
loop system)
Identifying Packaging Inefficiencies

 Building-blocks concept is useful for analyzing

packaging inefficiencies.
 Packaging inefficiencies can have a number of
undesirable logistics consequences including:
 Increased loss
 Increase damage
 Slower materials handling
 Higher storage costs
 Higher transportation costs
 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
Safety is a concept covering hazard identification,
risk assessment and accident prevention. Risk assessment
is the process of systematically guiding risk reduction and
management activities based on collecting and
evaluating data on severity of a harmful event and
probability of occurrence of that harm.
 MACHINE

MOVEMENTS

5 Factors in Safety
Considerations WORKFORCE AND
ERGONOMIC

MATERIAL

ENVIRONMENT
MACHINE

This safety factor deals with some of the principals

involved in providing safety in oppose to the common hazards
caused by machineries and equipment.
Placement and distance of machines according to
each other

Consider the range of movement.

Consider space requirements for the person interacting

with the machine.

Consider the human interactions such as the operator-

machine interface.
Standardization in using machineries and equipment

Use of machinery, equipment and tools must be restricted.

Use proper and safe tools for the job and use it in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Switch off electric tools and allow them to stop revolving

before laying them down or making any adjustments.

Ensure that equipment, machinery or tools are in good

condition before using.
Degree of automation

Pay special attention to the numerous hazards which are

not always easy to identify.

Pay attention to potentially dangerous tasks, including

maintenance, setting, commissioning, training, material
loading/unloading, tool changes or adjustments during
production.

Consider common and unsafe workplace practices such as

incorrect use of safeguards, bypassing of protective
devices, removal of guards, or changes in the program of
electronic programmable safety devices.
MOVEMENT

Discussions on machineries and material handling safety

from the perspective such as load, equipment, and unnecessary
movements are discussed under this dimension.
Material handling load, method and equipment

Make sure the load is within the capacity of the material

handling machine

Make sure the load is properly balanced

Make sure the load is secure

Raise the load to the proper height.

Movement of machinery, machine part and
equipment

 Be aware of machinery and equipment with moving parts

that can be reached by people.

 Be aware of machinery and equipment with moving parts

that can reach people such as booms or mechanical
appendages (arms).

 Be aware of machinery and equipment which can eject

objects (parts, components, products or waste items) that
may strike a person with sufficient force to cause harm.
Minimum aisle width

When mechanical handling equipment is used, sufficient

clearances for the type and size of the equipment should
be maintained, including sufficient aisle clearances.

The powered industrial trucks require sufficient overhead

clearance from pipes, lights, overhead installations,
sprinklers, etc.
WORKFORCE AND ERGONOMICS

Labor experience, training and flexibility of jobs could

greatly impact the safety of workers. Furthermore, ergonomics
approach will provide a better condition for workers to perform
the tasks well.
Training, education and labor experience

Only qualified and certified personnel are permitted to

undertake any hazardous duties or operations.

Programs are instituted to qualify and certify workers

for their duties.
Self-inspection and personal protection

 For normal operations, first choice is eliminating the hazard in the

environment rather than using personal protective equipment.

 Approved protective equipment and devices must be made available and

used to guard against specific hazards that cannot be eliminated.

 Location of personal protective, emergency, and first aid equipment must

be easily accessible and readily distinguishable.

 No person should enter a hazardous environment without the prescribed

protective equipment, remove it while in the hazardous environment, or use
it if it is faulty or damaged.

 All workers must be familiar with the capabilities, limitations, and proper
method of fitting, testing, using, and caring for protective equipment.
MATERIAL

The type and characteristics of the products and material

used in the manufacturing process is an important dimension of
safety to be considered.
Characteristics of product

The material/product and its components, including

physical, chemical and environmental characteristics, and
toxicity information, should be evaluated and assessed to
determine the potential physical (fire and reactivity),
health and environmental hazards associated with the
material.
ENVIRONMENT

The environment should provide proper illumination, noise

control, ventilation and temperature in order to accommodate
the employees.
Noise disturbance

Understand the danger to hearing that comes from

prolonged and high level of noise exposure

Recognize noise exposures which are harmful

Evaluate noise levels of exposure in a practical way

Take action to protect from harm of noise

Electricity or released of stored energy

These hazards can be divided into five categories:

(1) shock to personnel

(2) ignition of combustible or explosive materials
(3) overheating and damage to equipment or burns to personnel
(4) electrical explosions
(5) inadvertent activation of equipment.
Illumination

Lack of lighting can contribute to accidents. The major

hazards associated with lighting involve illumination levels,
changes in illumination levels, qualitative aspects of lighting and
flicker of some light sources.
Respiratory hazards

Respiratory hazards can be present as: gases, vapours,

fumes, mist, and dusts. A variety of equipment can be
used to protect workers from respiratory hazards.

Ventilation is an effective method of controlling

respiratory hazards. Check the efficiency of ventilation
by re-testing the atmosphere with the gas detection
equipment before entry. Exhaust air should not be
discharged into another work area.
THANK YOU 