IC3 Internet and Computing Core Certification Guide

Global Standard 4

Living
Online

Lesson 12: The World Wide Web

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 Lesson Objectives
• the difference between the Internet, the World Wide Web,
and browsers
• the structure of a URL
• identifying common web page elements
• the basic functions of web browsers
• navigating in a browser
• using tabbed browsing
• working with bookmarks
• viewing the history
• customizing web browser options

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 The Internet, Browsers and the World Wide Web

• The Internet
− Vast global network that functions similar to school or company
network
− Network is arrangement of computers connected to communicate
and share information with each other
− Internet comprised of many smaller networks connected together
to communicate and share information
− Internet is so large that you connect to it through service provider
− When subscribe to Internet service, pay Internet Service Provider (ISP)
for Internet connection

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 The Internet, Browsers and the World Wide Web

• Clients and Servers

− Client is any computer that requests service or resource from
another computer on network
− Server is any computer that provides requested services or
resources to other computers (clients)
− Web server hosts or stores company’s or individual's web site
− Web site is collection of interconnected pages of information about
company, person, product, or service
− When connect to Internet and visit web page:
− Computer and browser software act as clients

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 The Internet, Browsers and the World Wide Web

• A Brief Introduction to Connection Hardware

− Dial-up connections use standard analog telephone lines and
device called modem
− Modem physically connects to telephone network using standard
telephone wire
− Dials access number required to connect to ISP, and when complete,
you disconnect (hang up)
− Direct connections always "on"
− Most users use digital subscriber line (DSL) or cable Internet connection
− Must have network interface card (NIC) installed to send and receive
data back and forth between computer and network

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 The Internet, Browsers and the World Wide Web

• The World Wide Web

− System of interlinked documents accessible on Internet
− Documents hosted on web servers referred to as web pages
− Web pages usually contain hyperlinks to other pages located on
web servers throughout Internet

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 The Internet, Browsers and the World Wide Web

• Web Browsers
− Program that enables you to view and navigate web pages on
Internet, and to experience rich media available on World Wide
Web
− Basic function is to display pages created with hypertext markup
language (HTML)
− Special language web page designers use to add text, hyperlinks,
applications, video clips, sound and animation to web pages
− When designed properly, visitors can “point and click” to launch
applications, navigate to specific areas of the web site, or visit related
web sites

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 Understanding Web Site Addresses
• Every web page on the Internet has a specific address
called Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
− Consists of two basic parts: Protocol Identifier and Resource Name
− Separated by colon (:) and two forward slashes (//)

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 Understanding Web Site Addresses
• Web Site Protocols
− Protocol is set of rules that enable computing devices to
communicate with one another
− Protocol used to request web pages from Web server is HyperText
Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
− Browsers support protocols for functions
− File Transfer Protocol (FTP) used to transfer large files between user's
computer and special type of server called an FTP server
− To use web browser to access FTP server to transfer file, must specify
protocol in browser address bar, for example, ftp://aeneas.mit.edu.

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 Understanding Web Site Addresses
• Resource Names
− Specifies location of particular web page or file, referred to as
domain name
− Consists of three labels separated by periods or dots:
www.ccilearning.com
Server Registered Top-level
Name Domain Domain

Server Name Identifies name of web server

Registered Identifies organization that owns domain name; each name

Domain Name unique and registered with Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers (ICANN).

Top-level Identifies category of registered domain name.

Domain

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 Understanding Web Site Addresses

.com Represents commercial or company sites.

.net Another type of commercial web site generally hosted on

network managed by Internet Service Provider (ISP).
.edu Education site that shares information about academic
institution, its curriculum, and other activities.

.gov Site associated with local, regional, or national government.

.int Refers to international organizations.

.mil Refers to military organizations.

.org Site dedicated to non-profit organization promoting specific

cause.

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 Understanding Web Site Addresses
− Advantage of using top-level domains is ability to present
organization as global
− Other top-level domain names use two-letter abbreviation and
identify state or country where web site hosted
au Australia fr France jp Japan
br Brazil il Israel mx Mexico
ca Canada in India tw Taiwan
cn China it Italy uk United Kingdom
dk Denmark

− Some URLs include path and filename of specific page stored on

web server

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 Common Web Site/Page Elements
• First page of any web site is home page

Picture
Button

Hyperlink Navigation Bar

Field

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 Common Web Site/Page Elements

Navigation Provides links to various areas of web site, similar to

Bar table of contents and may be called site map.

Picture May be static or dynamic.

Field Where you can enter information that is then sent to

web server for processing.

Button Interactive graphic that performs action when clicked.

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Microsoft Internet Explorer

• Mozilla Firefox

• Google Chrome

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Opera

• Safari

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Browser Functions
− Retrieve and display web pages, allow users to navigate around
World Wide Web, play media files, and support encryption for
secure web transactions
• Addressing
− When web site address entered in address bar, browser sends
request to appropriate web server
− Server receives request, retrieves web pages, and sends back
− Browser then formats and displays web pages in browser window
− Visit any web page by typing its URL in Address bar and press
ENTER

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 Browser Features and Functions

Search Can search directly from Address bar. Click (Search) to

enter search term and press ENTER to view list of web sites
related to search term.

Show Click (Show Address) to display history of URLs of

Address previously visited web sites.

Refresh/Go Click (Refresh) to re-display or refresh contents of current

web page. Click (Go to) after typing web site address to
go to that site.

Stop Click (Stop) to halt downloading of information for web

page.

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Uploading and Downloading
− Downloading is process of copying file from server on Internet to
your computer
− Uploading is process of sending information from computer to
server on Internet
− Most users download more often so most ISPs provide service that
downloads information much faster than uploads
− Downstream (download) — residential cable Internet service generally
provides speeds between 1 and 6 Mbps, and DSL service offer speeds
of 8, 12, or 24 Mbps
− Upstream (upload) — residential cable Internet usually provides
speeds between 128 Kbps to 728 Kbps, and DSL service offers speeds
of 640 Kbps, 1 Mbps, or 3 Mbps
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 Browser Features and Functions
• Hyperlinks
− Reference to data located somewhere other than present location
− Can point to whole document or specific element within document
− Consists of anchor and target
− Can be set up as text, pictures, icons, or specific area on image
− Point mouse over item and if see , click to move to web page
designated as target of hyperlink
− Target web page may open in current browser window or in new tab
− Some hyperlinks are sponsored by companies who have paid to
advertise on web page

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Searching
− Click in address bar and start typing

− Use Turn on suggestions to display list of suggested search terms

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 Browser Features and Functions
− Click Add in drop-down menu to add search providers
− To narrow number of results:
− Choose specific key words
− Put quotation marks around phrase or group of keywords to look for
occurrences of those words together.
− Use Boolean operators.

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Back, Forward and Refresh Buttons
− Back button moves back one page
− Becomes active once you click link or visit different page
− Forward button moves ahead one page
− Becomes active once you move back one page
− Refresh button reloads or re-displays page
Button Internet Explorer Firefox Chrome Opera
Back
Forward
Refresh

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Home Page
− Page that displays by default when browser opens
− Can set home page to any page you want
− Can also set to display blank page as home page
− Button available to quickly return to default home page
− Usually icon of house

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Tabs
− Opening new tab is same as opening new browser window
− Switch by clicking tab; only one tab can be active at any given time
− To create new tab:
− Click New Tab button, or
− press CTRL+T, or
− right-click active tab and click New tab, or
− if Menu bar displayed, click File and click New tab

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 Browser Features and Functions
− Right-click tab and select Duplicate tab to open new tab with
same web site
− To view link on web page in another tab without leaving web page,
right-click link and click Open in new tab
− To close tab, click (Close Tab) button on tab
− If multiple tabs open, right-click active tab to close tab, or close all
other open tabs
− Click Close button for browser to be prompted whether to close
current tab or all open tabs

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Favorites/Bookmarks
− If visit site frequently, "bookmark" site to visit again without having
to enter its URL
− Saves URL in folder created specifically to store bookmarks
− Work with Favorites in Internet Explorer by opening Favorites
center:
− Click (View favorites, feeds, and history), or
− press ALT+C

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 Browser Features and Functions
− Number of folders or web sites in Favorites pane
will vary, depending on browser version and
previously set bookmarks
− Expand or collapse folders by clicking folder
− Each link in folder can open as separate tab by
clicking arrow to right of folder name (or press
CTRL+ENTER)
− Sharing favorites with others online through web
sites known as social bookmarking

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Adding Favorites
− To add web site to list of favorites:
− Click (View favorites, feeds or
history) and click Add to favorites, or
− on Menu bar, click Favorites and click
Add to favorites, or
− press ALT+Z, and click Add to favorites
− Can create new folder for link, move into folder, or have it appear
at main level on its own
− Use Favorites bar for those to access frequently
− Right-click in blank area, click Favorites bar, and click (Add to
Favorites bar)

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Deleting Favorites
− To remove bookmark in Favorites list:
− right-click bookmark, then click Delete, or
− select bookmark, press DELETE and click Yes to confirm deletion
− To delete item from Favorites bar, right-click button and click
Delete

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Organizing the Favorites List
− To organize Favorites Center:
− Activate Favorites Center and then drag link to new location, or
− activate Favorites Center, click arrow for Add to favorites and then
click Organize favorites, or
− activate Menu bar, click Favorites and click Organize favorites
− Can then choose any option in dialog box to organize list of
favorites
− If using first method, drag link to new location
− Thick horizontal black line appears to guide in placing link

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Checking the History
− Stores URLs of web sites accessed within defined period of time
− Convenient way to revisit web sites, if you don’t remember URL
− Large History folder can be difficult to use if there is little disk space,
and can slow browser speed
− To display history, activate Favorites Center and click History tab
− Click arrow for View By Date to choose option

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 Browser Features and Functions
− To go to a site, click the site link in the list
− To see other pages visited within given site, right-click link and then
click Expand
− To collapse the list of web pages for a site, click the site link
− To delete site from list, right-click link and then click Delete
− To delete entire history:
− Click , click Safety and click Delete browsing history, or
− on Menu bar, click Tools and click Delete browsing history.

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Plug-ins/Add-ons
− Plug-ins: programs that extend capabilities of web browsers to view
specific elements on web pages
− Generally have particular file type associated with them
− Good practice to occasionally upgrade to include increased
functionality and security updates
− Toolbars and ActiveX controls may be add-ons
− ActiveX controls are small programs to allow animation or help with
tasks

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 Browser Features and Functions
• Managing plug-ins/add-ons
− Open Manage Add-ons dialog box, click Tools, click Manage Add-
ons, then under Add-on Types, click Toolbars and Extensions

− Display the Show drop-down list to view currently loaded

add-ons, all add-ons, add-ons pre-approved by Microsoft

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 Browser Features and Functions
− To turn add-on on or off, click add-on in dialog box, then click
Enable or Disable
− To delete installed ActiveX
controls, select Downloaded
controls in Show list, click
ActiveX control to delete,
then click More information
− In More Information dialog
box, click Remove

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 Lesson Summary
• the difference between the Internet, the World Wide Web,
and browsers
• the structure of a URL
• identifying common web page elements
• the basic functions of web browsers
• navigating in a browser
• using tabbed browsing
• working with bookmarks
• viewing the history
• customizing web browser options

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 Review Questions
1. Which statement properly defines the concepts of Internet, Browsers and the World Wide Web?
a. The Internet and the World Wide Web are two names for the same thing; and all pages of the
Internet are viewed through browsers.
b. The Internet is a network that hosts the linked pages which form the World Wide Web, and
these pages are viewed through browsers.
c. The World Wide Web is a network, and browsers are another name for the Internet.
d. Any of the previous
e. a or b
2. If there are several web pages that you visit regularly, what can you do to make accessing them
more efficient?
a. Define each page as a browser Home page.
b. Bookmark each page.
c. Delete each page from the History folder so that it will become active.
d. Install an ActiveX control for each page.
e. Any of the previous
f. a or b
g. a or c
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 Review Questions
3. If you use a phrase as a search term, which of the following is true?
a. The search engine will interpret the space between each word in the phrase as a Boolean
AND.
b. The search engine will interpret the space between each word as a Boolean OR.
c. The search engine will interpret the space between each word as a Boolean NOT.
d. The search engine will reject the phrase because you cannot use more than one word as
a search term.
4. Ann visited a site last Tuesday which contained a meatloaf recipe that she really wants to try,
but now she can't remember the URL. What should she do?
a. Conduct a new search for meatloaf recipes and hope that she can find this one recipe
again.
b. Click the browser's Back button until she gets back to the page she wants.
c. Click the browser's Refresh button.
d. Look for the URL in the History folder.

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 Review Questions
5. Which is the fastest method to use to view two or more web sites in your web browser?
a. Start another session of the web browsers.
b. Set up a separate monitor to open a new window for the web browser.
c. Open a new tab and enter the web site address.
d. Type the new site address into the address bar at the current page.
6. When you post information to a personal Web site to share with others, which action
are you performing?
a. Uploading
b. Downloading

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