EMBRIOLOGI

SISTEM
UROPOETIK

dr. Nika Sterina S

Bagian Biologi Kedokteran
Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Lambung Mangkurat 2016
 SISTEM UROPOETIK

Sistem uropoetik berkembang

dari mesoderm intermediate

The urinary system begins to

develop before the genital
system and consists of:
• The kidneys, which excrete urine
• The ureters, which convey urine from
the kidneys to the urinary bladder
• The urinary bladder, which stores
urine temporarily
• The urethra, which carries urine from
the bladder to the exterior of the body
A, Dorsal view of an embryo during the third week (approximately 18 days)

B, Transverse section of the embryo showing the position of the intermediate

mesenchyme before lateral folding of the embryo
C, Lateral view of an embryo during the fourth week
(approximately 24 days)

D, Transverse section of the embryo after the commencement of

folding, showing the nephrogenic cords.
E, Lateral view of an embryo later in the fourth week
(approximately 26 days)
F, Transverse section of the embryo showing the lateral folds
meeting each other ventrally. Observe the position of the
urogenital ridges and nephrogenic cords.
A, Dorsal view of an embryo during
the third week (approximately 18
days)

B, Transverse section of the embryo

showing the position of the
intermediate mesenchyme before
lateral folding of the embryo

C, Lateral view of an embryo during

the fourth week (approximately 24
days)

D, Transverse section of the embryo

after the commencement of folding,
showing the nephrogenic cords.

E, Lateral view of an embryo later in

the fourth week (approximately 26
days)

F, Transverse section of the embryo

showing the lateral folds meeting
each other ventrally. Observe the
position of the urogenital ridges and
nephrogenic cords.
Illustrations of the three sets of excretory systems in an embryo during the fifth week.
• Pronefros  Rudimenter & tidak berfungsi
• Mesonefros  Berfungsi dalam waktu yang pendek dalam masa janin awal
• Metanefros  Membentuk ginjal tetap (permanen)
 PRONEPHROS

Appears at Day 21

In segmented
intermediate mesoderm
in the cervical region

It degenerates by day 24

It is never functional in
humans
 MESONEPHROS
The Mesonephros first appears late
in week 4

In thoracic and lumbar segments of

intermediate mesoderm.

Urine is produced and drains along

the mesonephric (Wolfian) duct to
the cloaca/bladder

In week 5 the thoracic segments

regress but the mesonephric kidney
continues functioning until week 10
SUCCESSIVE STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MESONEPHRIC TUBULE BETWEEN THE 5TH AND 11TH WEEKS

Note that the mesenchymal cell cluster in the nephrogenic cord develops a lumen, thereby forming a mesonephric vesicle.

The vesicle soon becomes an S-shaped mesonephric tubule and extends laterally to join the mesonephric duct.

The expanded medial end of the mesonephric tubule is invaginated by blood vessels to form a glomerular capsule.
 METANEPHROS

the primordia of
permanent kidneys-begin
to develop early in the fifth
week and start to function
approximately 4 weeks
later.

The permanent kidneys

develop from two sources :
• The metanephric diverticulum
(ureteric bud)  membentuk
sistem pengumpul
• The metanephrogenic blastema or
metanephric mass of mesenchyme
membentuk satuan ekskresi
The
metanephric
diverticulum
(ureteric
bud) 
membentuk
sistem
pengumpul
The metanephrogenic
blastema or
metanephric mass of
mesenchyme
membentuk satuan
ekskresi (NEFRON)
METANEPHRIC
DIVERTICULUM
(URETERIC BUD)

Primordium of the ureter, renal pelvis,

and collecting tubules.

It penetrates the metanephric mass of

intermediate mesoderm.

Its stalk becomes the ureter and its

expanded cranial end forms the renal
pelvis.

The straight collecting tubules branch

repeatedly, forms generations of
collecting tubules.

First generations form the major calices

Second generations form the minor

calices Successive stages in the development of the
metanephric diverticulum (fifth to eighth
weeks
METANEPHROGENIC BLASTEMA OR METANEPHRIC
MASS OF MESENCHYME

Remaining generations of tubules form the collecting tubules.

Each arched collecting tubule induces to form metanephric vesicles.

These vesicles become metanephric tubules.

The proximal ends of the renal tubule become invaginated by glomeruli.

Each distal convoluted tubule become confluent with arched collecting.

The number of glomeruli increases gradually.

DEVELOPMENT OF NEPHRONS

Nephrogenesis commences around the beginning of

the eighth week.
Note that the
metanephric
tubules, the
primordia of the
nephrons,
become
continuous with
the collecting
tubules to form
uriniferous
tubules
Observe that nephrons are derived from the
metanephrogenic blastema and that the collecting
tubules are derived from the metanephric diverticulum
 POSITIONAL
CHANGES OF
KIDNEYS

Metanephric kidneys lie in the pelvis.

The kidneys come to lie in the abdomen.

This “migration” results from the growth

of the embryo’s body caudal to the
kidneys.

They are retroperitoneal (external to

the peritoneum)

The hilum of the kidney,

• faces ventrally; as the kidney
“ascends,”
• it rotates medially almost 90
degrees.
CHANGES IN BLOOD
SUPPLY OF KIDNEYS
As the kidneys “ascend” they receive their
blood supply from close by vessels.

Renal arteries are branches of common

iliac arteries.

As they “ascend”, the kidneys receive their

blood supply from the aorta.

When they reach a higher level, they receive

new branches from the aorta.

The caudal branches undergo involution

and disappear.

As kidneys come into contact with the

suprarenal glands in the their “ascent” stops.

They get their arterial branches are from the

aorta

The right renal artery is longer and often

more superior
 PERKEMBANGAN SELANJUTNYA
Antara 10 – 18 minggu masa gestasi : jumlah
glomeruli meningkat secara bertahap dan
meningkat cepat sampai 32 minggu sampai
mencapai batas.

Ginjal fetal dibagi menjadi dua lobus. Lobulasi

biasanya menghilang selama masa bayi karena
nefron meningkat dan tumbuh.

Pada kehamilan cukup bulan, pembentukan nefron

menjadi lengkap dengan setiap ginjal terdiri dari
400.000 – 2.000.000 nefron

Ukuran ginjal meningkat setelah lahir karena

elongasi tubulus convolutus proksimal dan juga
peningkatan jaringan interstitial.

Pembentukan nefron sempurna pada saat

The kidneys and suprarenal glands of a 28-week
dilahirkan kecuali pada bayi prematur. fetus. The external evidence of the lobes usually
disappears by the end of the first postnatal year. Note
the large size of the suprarenal glands at this age.
Illustrations of various anomalies of the
urinary system.
The small sketch to the lower
right of each drawing illustrates
the probable embryologic basis of
the anomaly.
A, Unilateral renal agenesis.
B, Right side, pelvic kidney; left
side, divided kidney with a bifid
ureter.
C, Right side, malrotation of the
kidney; left side, bifid ureter and
supernumerary kidney.
D, Crossed renal ectopia. The left
kidney crossed to the right side
and fused with the right kidney.
E, Discoid kidney resulting from
fusion of the kidneys while they
were in the pelvis.
F, Supernumerary left kidney
resulting from the development
of two metanephric diverticula.
A duplex kidney with two ureters and renal pelves.

A, Longitudinal section through the kidney showing two renal pelves and calices.

B, Anterior surface of the kidney.

C, Intravenous urography showing duplication of the right kidney and ureter in a 10-year-old male. The distal ends
of the right ureter are fused at the level of the first sacral vertebra. The left kidney is normal
 KANDUNG
KEMIH(minggu ke 4- 7)

Minggu 4 
Septum urorektal
membagi kloaka
menjadi saluran
anorektal & sinus
urogenitalis
 Sinus urogenitalis
Bagian atas (terbesar) 
primitif dibagi 3 bagian:
Kandung kemih primitif

• Berhubungan langsung dgn allantois

• Setelah rongga alantois menutup 
tersisa korda fibrosa tebal  urachus
 menghubungkan puncak kandung
kemih dgn umbilikus

Saluran yg agak sempit 

sinus urogenitalis bag.panggul
• Pada pria membentuk uretra pars
prostatika & pars membranosa

Sinus urogenitalis tetap (sinus

urogenitalis bag.penis)
• Sangat memipih ke samping &
terpisah dari dunia luar oleh
membrana urogenitalis
 URACHAL
ANOMALIES

A, Urachal cysts. The most

common site is in the
superior end of the urachus
just inferior to the umbilicus.

B, Two types of urachal sinus

are shown: One opens into
the bladder and the other
opens at the umbilicus.

C, Patent urachus or urachal

fistula connecting the
bladder and the umbilicus.
Selama pembagian kloaka  PERUBAHAN
bag.kaudal duktus
mesonefros berangsur2
POSISI URETER
diserap ke dlm dinding
kandung kemih

Ureter (yg tadinya

merupakan tonjolan keluar
dari ductus mesonefros) 
masuk ke kandung kemih
secara tersendiri

Sebagai akibat naiknya ginjal

 muara ureter bergerak
lebih ke kranial lagi 
duktus mesonefros bergerak
saling mendekati utk masuk
ke uretra pars prostatika &
menjadi duktus
ejakulatorius
 URETHRA
Epitel uretra pria & wanita berasal dari endoderm

Jaringan penyambung & jaringan otot polos di sekitarnya berasal dari mesoderm splangnik

Akhir bulan ke-3  epitel uretra pars prostatika mulai berproliferasi & membentuk sejumlah
tonjol keluar yg menembus mesenkim di sekitarnya

Pada pria  tunas2 ini membentuk kelenjar prostat

Pada wanita  kranial uretra membentuk kelenjar uretra & kelenjar parauretra