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Call continuity
Call quality
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DIRECTED RETRY
Others:
Intelligent Underlay Overlay
POWER BUDGET
Traffic Reason PERIODIC
CHECKS
………. UMBRELLA
• Periodic checks
Power budget HO
Umbrella HO
• Handover priority
All cells have equal priority One cell has higher priority because of some rea
cell a b c cell a b c
=> cell list c , a ,b => cell list a,b,c (if cell a is not overload)
=> cell list b,c,a
Parameter Value
hoMarginLev = 4 dB
Trigger for Handover due to Level
A
Threshold (Lev)
-95 dBm 2 dB
=> Cell
B is not selected as candidate for
HO due to level since 2dB < 4 dB
Parameter Value
hoThresholdQualUL/DL 0…7
px 1 … 32
nx 1 … 32
hoMarginQual = 0 dB
Trigger for Handover HO due to Quality
2 dB
=> Cell
B is selected as potential candidate for
HO due to Quality since 2 dB > 0 dB
hoThresholdQual =4
hoThresholdInterferenceDL = -85 dBm
hoPreferenceOrderInterfDL = intra Trigger for Handover due to Interferenc
RTSL
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Low 7
TRX 1
Idle channel
interference level
TRX 2
f1, f2, f3
High TRX 3
• When the load is high in the network, the gain of intracell HO is low
RTSL
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Low 7
TRX 1
Idle channel
interference level TRX 2
f1, f2, f3
High TRX 3
Parameter Value
enableUmbrellaHandover Y/N
hoPeriodUmbrella 0 … 63 (SACCH)
hoLevelUmbrella -110 … -47
gsmMicrocellThreshold 5 … 43
gsmMacrocellThreshold 5 … 43 BSC
PBGT,RR
UMB,RR UMB,RR
PBGT,RR
microcells
Parameter
adjacentCellLayer same layer (serving layer)
N (not in use)
BSC
micro
macro as serving cell
time ‘t’
hoLevelUmbrella = -85 dBm
measured HO
signal strength
microcells
HO
FMT Threshold=40
time ‘t’
hoLevelUmbrella = -85 dBm
RxMinCell = -85 dBm
measured HO
signal strength
HO
microcells
FMT Threshold=40
time ‘t’
FMT Counter
lowerSpeedLimit 0 … 255
upperSpeedLimit 0 … 255
msSpeedThresholdNx 1 … 32
msSpeedThresholdPx 1 … 32
Adjacent cell
measurements
BSS6/MS speed
BSS5/Fast MS
meas_res
HO&PC
algorithm
BTS
microcell(s) , no RF hopping
Parameter Value
enableMsDistanceProcess Y/N
msDistanceHoThresholdParam 0 … 63
px 1 … 32
nx 1 … 32
Parameter Value
hoThresholdLevULforRapidFieldDrop -110 ... -47 dBm
hoThresholdRapidLevU1N 0 ... 32
chainedAdjacentCell Y/N
MS
Example
hoThresholdRapidLevUl = - 93 dBm
hoThresholdRapidLevUlN (px) = 2
Serving
chainedAdjacentCell = Yes
Cell
-93 dBm
.
1st .
Rapid Field Drop Handover 2nd
Signal Level
A MS moves away from cell site, MS moves away from cell site,
the signal is dropping gradually the signal is dropping gradually
Time Time
Figure 7 Signal Strength of a Fast Moving MS Figure 8 Signal Strength of a Slow Moving MS
Parameter Value
ddeWindow = 3 SACCH (n = 3)
ddeThresholdLev = 10, px = 2 and nx =3
• hoMarginLev < 6 dB
• x x •
• MS switched off in cell A and
transferred to area of cell X
• MS switched on in new place 20 km
-> MS tries first old channel + neighbours
• MS camped on cell A which is not in neighbour list of cell X
-> do not listen BCCH of cell X -> no HOs to cell X !!!
Parameter Value
minIntBetweenUnsuccHoAttempt 0 ... 30 (seconds)
minIntBetweenHoReq 0 ... 30 (seconds)
Intelligent underlay-overlay
Handover
AMH 1
AMH 2
GSM/super
Multilayer
handling Load PBGTm Penalty IUO MCN
AMH 3
>80 0 60 - -
GSM1800/micro
Handover
+0 dB +4dB +6 dB
New algorithm:
1. AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) >
TRHO_TARGET_LEVEL(n)+Max(0,(MS_TXPWR_MAX_CELL(n)-P))
Parameters Values
AmhTrhoPbgtMargin -24dBm..+24dBm,N
AmhUpperLoadThreshold 0…100%
AmhMaxLoadOfTgtCell 0…100%
TrhoGuardTime 0…120 sec
•During a very light load, only regular frequencies are used. Thus
additional handovers are avoided => increases quality
super-reuse TRX
GSM/macro
DCS/micro
Parameters Values
AmhTrafficControlIUO Y/N
AmhTrafficControlMCN Y/N
AmhLowerLoadThreshold 0…100%
1st
3rd
TCH
TCH
P-GSM 900 2nd
micro cell GSM 1800 cell
TCH
• BENEFIT: By directing the calls to proper layer / band as early as possible the
48
network can absorb more traffic and thus provide more capacity
© NOKIA 1999 ho.ppt/ July 2000 /
DADL/B functionality (2/3)
• DADL/B is applied in call setup phase if
DADL/B feature is enabled with BSC level optionality management parameter
TCH load of accessed cell exceeds the BTSLoadThreshold
There are adjacent cells defined with the dadlbTargetCell parameter (cells verified
according to MS capabilities), which are to be used as target cells for DADL/B
handover.
The signal level of the DADL/B target cell exceeds the HOLevelUmbrella(n)
• BSC will evaluate the target cells for DADL/B handover during the time indicated with
the MinTimeLimitDR parameter
• Adjacent cell priorities HOPriorityLevel(n) and load factors HOLoadFactor(n) are used
in target cell sorting for DADL/B handover
2nd
1st 1st
2nd
GSM 900
GSM 1800
GSM 1800
GSM 900 micro