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A register is simply a group of flip-flops and Each flip-flop stores one bit
data.
For instance, a register used to store an 8-bit binary number must have
eight flip-flops.
The bits in a binary number (let's call them the data) can be moved
from one place to another in either of two ways.
The first method involves shifting the data 1 bit at a time in a serial
fashion, beginning with either the most significant bit (MSB) or the least
significant bit (LSB). This technique is referred to as serial shifting.
The second method involves shifting all the data bits simultaneously and
is referred to as parallel shifting.
Types of Shift Register
1. Serial-in, Serial-out
2. Serial-in, Parallel-out
3. Parallel-in, Serial-out
4. Parallel-in, Parallel-out
Serial In - Serial Out Shift Registers
The serial in/serial out shift register accepts data serially ie, one bit
at a time on a single line. It produces the stored information on its
output in serial form.
D0, D1, D2 and D3 are the parallel inputs, where D0 is the most
significant bit and D3 is the least significant bit.
To write data in, the mode control line is taken to LOW and the data is
clocked in. The data can be shifted when the mode control line is HIGH
as SHIFT is active high.
Parallel-In Serial-Out Shift Register
Parallel In – Parallel out Shift Register
ie. The parallel data is loaded simultaneously into the register, and
transferred together to their respective outputs by the same clock pulse.
The D's (D0, D1, D2, D3) are the parallel inputs and the Q's (Q0, Q1, Q2,
Q3) are the parallel outputs. Once the register is clocked, all the data at
the D inputs appear at the corresponding Q outputs simultaneously.
Parallel In - Parallel Out Shift Register