Advancement of Instrumentation

Technology over the last 50 Years

1. Introduction
2. Pneumatic Instrumentation
3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation
4. Digital Instrumentation
5. Instrumentation of the Future
6. Recap
 Advancement of Instrumentation
Technology over the last 50 Years
1. Introduction

2. Pneumatic Instrumentation
Used widely in the O & G Industry – No ignition source

Types : Pressure transmitter – measures pressure, flow,

level and temperature
Basic Math's – Add , subtract, Sq. Root extraction
Chart Recorders
PID controllers

3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation

4. Digital Instrumentation
5. Instrumentation of the Future
6. Recap
Typical Pneumatic Transmitter

Relay Unit

Baffle

Diaphragm
assembly

20 – 100kPa
Spring
loaded valve

Moving Parts
Requires Clean air
Bulky Tubing
Signal Delay & Leaks
Zero/Span interaction
Only Linear applications
Requires Signal processing
 Advancement of Instrumentation
Technology over the last 50 Years
1. Introduction
2. Pneumatic Instrumentation

3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation

Advances in Sensor, Op-Amps ,Transistor & IS circuits
Output Signal – De facto standard 4 to 20 mA

4. Digital Instrumentation
5. Instrumentation of the Future
6. Recap
Analogue Electronic Transmitter

Zero/Span interaction

Linear applications

Limited Non–Linear use

4 – 20 mA

Requires Signal processing

One-way communication
 Advancement of Instrumentation
Technology over the last 50 Years
1. Introduction
2. Pneumatic Instrumentation
3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation

4. Digital Instrumentation
Mass production IC Technology i.e. VVLSI
Analogue sensor & Amplifier, A/D Convertor
Scaling factor, Linearization, Real world data etc
HART protocol

5. Future Instrumentation
6. Recap
 Digital Instrumentation
Microprocessor 4-20 mA Process
4-20mA & HART
Control
System
•Configuration HART Signal

•Units
•Ranging (zero/Span)
•Filtering
•Diagnostics Hart
Communicator
•Communications

No Zero/Span interaction

Non –Linear applications

No Signal processing required (if

digital output signal is used)

Multi-Drop Networking Capability

(This concept is fully exploited in Fieldbus
Instrumentation)

Two-way digital communication

Interface with Asset Management

Software (AMS)

Multi-variable instruments
 Advancement of Instrumentation
Technology over the last 50 Years
1. Introduction
2. Pneumatic Instrumentation
3. Analogue Electronic Instrumentation
4. Digital Instrumentation

5. Instrumentation of the Future

Wireless Instrumentation Technically Mature
Resolved almost all negative factors of its predecessors
Wireless Hart protocol
Limitations of wireless instrumentation

6. Recap
Wireless Instrumentation Network

Battery power capacity is a major setback that is

the limiting the use of Wireless technology.
 Energy Scavenging (aka Energy Harvesting)

Thermoelectric Generation (TEG) Mechano-Electric Generation (MEG)

Temperature Gradients are used to Vibrations from running equipment is used
generate electricity. to generate electricity.

Seebeck effect Peltier effect Piezoelectric effect

Typical Futuristic Instrumentation with Energy Scavenging

Connecting leads Power
RF
Management
module
unit
RF signal to
wireless gateway
Sensor/Low Digital
Heat Dissipation power electronics
to cooler Ambient amplifier
Temperature
Energy
Scavenging
Peltier
Process
Wireless
power
impulse Pressure
chip
line Transmitter

Hot Oil flowing in Pipeline

 Advancement of Instrumentation
Technology over the last 50 Years

Time Frames 70 to 80’s 80 to 90’s 90 to 2000’s 2000 and beyond

Advances in Analogue Advances in Digital;

Excellence in mass Electronics viz. Op- Technology viz. Wireless data
production of Amps LSI , VLSI , VVLSI transmission,
Pre- Cursors
pneumatic
components. Intrinsically safe Microprocessor/ SOC Energy Scavenging
Circuitry technologies

Wireless
Instrumentation
Pneumatic Instruments Analogue Instruments Smart, solid state,
Instrument
Pneumatic Relays Coils & Magnets – User configurable
Technology (Force Balance Principle) (Force Balance Principle) Instruments.
Multivariable

Wireless signal
Transmission
20 – 100 KPa 0 - 10 V 4-20 mA with
Signal
or 0–5V FSK HART Protocol
Transmission Intelligent nodes to
3-15 psi 4 – 20 mA
support mesh
Foundation Fieldbus
networks.
Questions ?