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packaging
Packaging has been with humans for thousands of years in one
form or the other. Packaging dates back to when people first started
moving from place to place.
Originally, skins, leaves, and bark were used for food transport.
Four thousand years ago, sealed pottery jars were used to protect
against rodents, and glass making was an important industry in
Egypt.
2- secondary packaging
ease of manual movement of products.
3- transit packaging
wrapping used to bundle the boxes or crates
for transport and distribution.
From skins, leaves, and bark, tremendous progress has been made
in the development of diversified packaging materials and in the
packaging equipment.
Plastic Bags
Plastic Closures
Oven-Safe Containers
Some cans are lacquered internally for high-acid products (pH <
3) or for products that change color in the presence of tin.
The main advantages of paper are its low cost, low mass, relatively
high stiffness, and excellent printability;
Cardboard
Choosing a carton for a specific job depends on the capacity of the
carton to meet the requirements for that job.
Environmental Issues
1- Cellulose
2- Starch
3- Poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoates (PHB)
4- Polylactide Acid (PLA) plastics:
Application of nanocomposites
Research on application of nanocomposite (scale of 1e100 nm)
materials nanomaterials) in packaging is exponentially increasing.
After closing the package, the respiration of the product will cause a
decrease in the oxygen content and an increase in the carbon dioxide
content.
In this system, the initial gas composition is that of normal air, but
because of the reduced partial gas pressure, the amount of O2
available at the start of storage is about one-third of the normal
amount.
Smart packaging
Ozone mainly reacts with the surface of the polymers and causes
modification of the surface properties of polymers.
both UV and ozone treatment, significantly increased the surface
tension and hydrophilicity of polymers such as PE, PP and PET, and
improved their adhesion properties
The effect of ozone on the mechanical properties of plastic
films depends on the polymer and the treatment conditions
such as ozone concentration and temperature.
2-Kata Galic , Mario Scetar and Mia Kurek, (2011 ).The benefits of
processing and packaging . Trends in Food Science & Technology