Zuhri Arafah Zulkifli

UiTM (Melaka) Kampus Jasin

What we will cover
O Moral Theories
O Akhlaq Theories
O Social System Belief

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 "Ethical values in Islam:
Particular reference with
Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. Mission".

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 Ethics in Islam
O Islam has a comprehensive perspective regarding the
ethical issues because the lawgiver for all systems,
including the ethical system, is Allah s.w.t, who knows
everything and what is best for all human beings.

O Ethics in Islam are defined as the good principles and

values based on the Islamic sources – Quran and
hadith. The Islamic sources are the only standards for
identifying what is right and what is wrong.

O Ethics in Islam are consistent with the ability of human

beings and they cover all aspects of life.

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 Ethics from Islamic
Perspective
O Ethics is related to several Arabic terms
O ma‘ruf (approved),
O khayr (goodness),
O haqq (truth and right),
O birr (righteousness),
O qist (equity),
O ‘adl (equilibrium and justice), and
O taqwa (piety).

O The term that is most closely related to ethics

in the Quran is AKHLAQ.

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 Islamic Sources
O In Islam, the Quran is the main course of judgment.

O However, because the Quran generally speaks about general

concepts, the specific details of them are spelled out by the
Sunnah.

O In the case of ethics, the detailed practicality of what ethics is

embodied in the Prophet’s action and behavior.

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 Ethics vs Moral
O Ethics and morals both relate to “right” and
“wrong” conduct.

O Ethics refer to the series of rules provided to an

individual by an external source. e.g. their
profession.

O Morals refer to an individual’s own principles

regarding right and wrong.

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 Morality
O The word “morality” comes from the Latin
word moralitas meaning “manner, character, and
proper behavior”

O Morality generally refers to a code of conduct, that

an individual, group or society hold as
authoritative, in distinguishing right from wrong.

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Standard of Judgment
in Islam
O This standard of judgment provides the nucleus
around which the whole moral conduct should
revolve – whether conduct is good or bad:

O Our faith should be true and sincere,

O We must be prepared to show it in deeds of charity to
our fellow-men,
O We must be good citizens, supporting social
organizations,
O Our own individual soul must be firm and unshaken in
all circumstances.

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 Basic Principles in
Islamic Morality
O The Islamic moral system stems from its primary creed of belief in
One God as the Creator and Sustainer of the Universe.

O Islam considers the human race to be a part of God’s creation, and

as His subjects.

O Quran and hadith, the main sources of Islam, attached great

importance to ethics.

O The Prophet Muhammad s.a.w. indicated that the main purpose

Allah sent him to the people is to improve their ethics.
He said: “I was sent only to perfect the moral excellence of human
beings” 13
 Basic Principles in
Islamic Morality
O The key to virtue and good conduct is a strong relation
with Allah.
O Islam enjoins moral behavior in all circumstances; Allah is
aware of each one when no one else is.
O It may be possible to deceive the world, but it’s not possible
to deceive the Creator.
O The love and continuous awareness of Allahand the Day of
Judgment enables man to be moral in conduct and sincere
in intentions, with devotion and dedication.

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 Basic Principles in
Islamic Morality
O The Islamic moral principles appeal naturally to
the human intellect, while elevating the pursuit
of morality to the level of worship.

O Islam holds every action that is done with the

goal of attaining of Allah’s pleasure to be
worship.

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 Morality in Islam
O A Muslim is expected to not only be
virtuous, but to also enjoin virtue.

O A Muslim must not only be morally

healthy, but must also contribute to the
moral health of society as a whole.

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 Definition
O Akhlaq (Arabic: ‫ )أخالق‬is an Arabic term
referring to the practice of virtue, morality and
manners in Islamic theology and philosophy.
O Akhlaq refers to character or customs
O Imam Al-Ghazali define akhlaq as a nature
character (internal) of human being, and
willing to express spontaneous action.

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 Definition (cont..)
O Akhlaq derives from the Arabic Khuluk
means behavior, customs, or believe.
Akhlaq will showing identity for an
individual.

O The best person to mention about akhlaq

in Islam is Prophet Muhammad SAW.

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 Akhlaq
O Akhlaq focus to goodness and badness, and
will tell us how we can practice it in our life,
either with Allah, human being, and
environment.
O A Muslim is expected to be humble before
Allah and with other people.
O Islam also commands upon every Muslim to
exercise control of their passions and desires.

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 Akhlaq
O Gratitude in prosperity, patience in
adversity, and the courage to uphold the
truth, even when inconvenient to oneself,
are just some of the qualities that every
Muslim is encouraged to cultivate.

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 Conduct of a Muslim
O The Prophet Mohammed SAW summarized the conduct
of a Muslim when he said: “My Sustainer has given me
nine commands:
 to remain conscious of Allah, whether in private or in public;
 to speak justly, whether angry or pleased;
 to show moderation both when poor and when rich,
 to reunite friendship with those who have broken off with
me;
 to give to him who refuses me;
 that my silence should be occupied with thought;
 that my looking should be an admonition (guidance); and
 that I should command what is right.”
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 The foundations of the social system of
Islam, rest on the belief that all human
beings are equal and constitute one single
fraternity (brotherhood).

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Social System of Islam

Institution
of the
Family

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Equality of Mankind
Wahai umat manusia! Sesungguhnya Kami telah
menciptakan kamu dari lelaki dan perempuan dan
Kami telah menjadikan kamu berbagai bangsa dan
bersuku puak, supaya kamu berkenal-kenalan (dan
beramah mesra antara satu dengan yang lain).
Sesungguhnya semulia-mulia kamu di sisi Allah ialah
orang yang lebih takwanya di antara kamu, (bukan
yang lebih keturunan atau bangsanya). Sesungguhnya
Allah Maha Mengetahui, lagi Maha Mendalam
PengetahuanNya (akan keadaan dan amalan kamu).
(Al Hujurat: 13)

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Equality of Mankind
O The equality of all Muslims is emphasized
repeatedly throughout the Qur'an.
O Islam does not distinguish between two
races, or two groups of people, or
between two colours.
O Example, performing Umrah; Friday
prayers

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 Institution of the
Family
O The foremost and fundamental institution of
human society is the family unit

O According to Islam the correct relationship

between man and woman is marriage, a
relationship in which social responsibilities are
fully accepted and which results in the emergence
of a family.

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 Institution of the
Family
O Respect and care for parents is very much
stressed in the Islamic teaching and is a very
important part of a Muslim's expression of
faith.

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Institution of the
Family

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 Institution of the
Family
Dan tuhanmu telah perintahkan, supaya engkau tidak menyembah
melainkan kepadaNya semata-mata, dan hendaklah engkau
berbuat baik kepada ibu bapa. Jika salah seorang dari keduanya,
atau kedua-duanya sekali, sampai kepada umur tua dalam jagaan
dan peliharaanmu, maka janganlah engkau berkata kepada mereka
(sebarang perkataan kasar) sekalipun perkataan “Ah", dan
janganlah engkau menengking menyergah mereka, tetapi
katakanlah kepada mereka perkataan yang mulia (yang bersopan-
santun). Dan hendaklah engkau merendah diri kepada keduanya
kerana belas kasihan dan kasih sayangmu, dan doakanlah (untuk
mereka, dengan berkata): "Wahai Tuhanku! Cucurilah rahmat
kepada mereka berdua sebagaimana mereka telah mencurahkan
kasih sayangnya memelihara dan mendidikku semasa kecil."
(Al Israa: 23-24)
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Relatives & Neighbors
O The Qur’an has divided them into three
categories: a neighbour who is also a relation;
a neighbour who is a stranger; and a casual or
temporary neighbour with whom one happens
to live or travel for a certain time
O All of them are deserving of sympathy,
affection, kindness and fair treatment.

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Relatives & Neighbors

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 Relatives & Neighbors
O No one among you shall be a true believer unless he likes
for others what he likes for himself (Bukhari and Muslim).

Dan hendaklah kamu beribadat kepada Allah dan janganlah

kamu sekutukan Dia dengan sesuatu apa jua dan hendaklah
kamu berbuat baik kepada kedua ibubapa, dan kaum kerabat,
dan anak-anak yatim, dan orang-orang miskin, dan jiran
tetangga yang dekat, dan jiran tetangga yang jauh, dan rakan
sejawat, dan orang musafir yang terlantar, dan juga hamba
yang kamu miliki. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak suka kepada
orang-orang yang sombong takbur dan membangga-
banggakan diri.
(An Nisaa: 36)

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