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What do you want to be when you

grow up?
A CAREER is the progress and
the actions taken by a
person throughout a lifetime ,
especially those related to
that person’s occupation
A CAREER is a lifetime journey of
building and making good use of
your skills, knowledge and
experiences. It is the sum total of all
events and relationships in our lives:
family, friends, education, work and
leisure activities
• is a deliberate process of
knowing WHO you are so
that you can be sure of
WHERE you want to go on
WHAT you want to be at
some defined point in the
future.
Concepts Of Career
Development
FRANK PARSONS
e founder of the vocational guidance movement.

PARSONS’ THEORY
• The theory of matching careers to
talents, skills and personality.
• People perform best when they
are in jobs suited to their abilities.
Parsons believed that deciding careers occur when people
achieved:

- an understanding of their individual traits (aptitudes,


interests, personal abilities)

- A knowledge of available jobs

- Objective acknowledgement between the individual’s traits,


and the current market needs
John Holland HOLLAND’S THEORY OF
CAREER CHOICE

- Careers are established by the


interaction between our personality and
the environment.

-Holland believes that in choosing a career,


people prefer jobs where they can be
around others who are like them.
HOLLAND’S THEORY ID
FOCUSED ON THE BELIEF
THAT MOST PEOPLE
BELONG TO ONE OF SIX
PERSONALITY TYPES:
REALISTIC
DESCRIPTION OF SOME KEY SKILLS SOME SUBJECTS YOU
INTEREST AREA OCCUPATIONS COULD STUDY TO
WITH REALISTIC GIVE YOU THE
COMPONENTS SKILLS
- Likes to work mainly Using and operating Pilot English
with hands, making tools , equipment , Farmer Math
,fixing assembling or and machinery, Horticulturist Science
building things, using designing, building , Builder Workshop
and operating repairing, maintaining Engineer Technology
equipment, tools or , working manually , Armed services Computing
machines. Often likes measuring working in personnel Business Studies
to work out-doors. detail, driving, Mechanic Agriculture
moving, caring for Upholsterer Horticulture
animals, working with Electrician Physical Education
plants. Computer
technologist
Park ranger
sportsperson
INVESTIGATIVE
DESCRIPTION OF SOME KEY SKILLS SOME OCCUPATIONS SUBJECTS YOU COULD
INTEREST AREA WITH INVESTIGATIVE STUDY TO GIVE YOU
COMPONENTS THE SKILLS
- Likes
to discover and Thinking analytically Science, research, English
research ideas, and logically, medical and health Math
observe, investigate computing, occupations, chemist, Science
and experiment, ask communicating by marine scientist, Computing
questions and solve writing and speaking, forestry technician, Technology
problems designing, medical or
formulating, agricultural laboratory
calculating, technician, zoologist,
diagnosing, dentist, doctor
experimenting,
investigating
ARTISTIC
DESCRIPTION OF SOME KEY SKILLS SOME OCCUPATIONS SUBJECTS YOU COULD
INTEREST AREA WITH ARTISTIC STUDY TO GIVE YOU
COMPONENTS THE SKILLS
- Likes
to use words, art Expressing artistically Artist English
music or drama to or physically, Illustrator Social Science
communicate, speaking, writing, Photographer Music
perform, or express singing, performing, Songwriter Drama
themselves, create designing, presenting, Composer Graphic Design
and design things. planning, composing, Singer Computing
playing, dancing Instrument player Business Studies
Dancer Languages
Actor
Reporter
Writer
Editor
Hair dresser
advertiser
SOCIAL
DESCRIPTION OF SOME KEY SKILLS SOME OCCUPATIONS SUBJECTS YOU COULD
INTEREST AREA WITH SOCIAL STUDY TO GIVE YOU
COMPONENTS THE SKILLS
- Likesto work with Communicating orally Teacher English
people to teach, train or in writing, caring Nurse Social Studies
and inform , help, and supporting, Nurse Aide Math
treat, heal and cure, training, meeting, Counselor Science
serve and greet, greeting, assisting, Social Worker Health
concerned for the teaching, informing Salesperson Physical Education
wellbeing and interviewing, Customer Service Art
welfare of others. coaching Officer Computing
Waiter Business Studies
Secretary Languages
ENTERPRISING
DESCRIPTION OF SOME KEY SKILLS SOME OCCUPATIONS SUBJECTS YOU COULD
INTEREST AREA WITH ENTERPRISING STUDY TO GIVE YOU
COMPONENTS THE SKILLS
- Likesmeeting Selling, promoting and Salesperson English
people, leading , persuading, Lawyer Math
talking to and developing ideas, Politicians Business Studies
influencing others, public speaking , Accountant Drama
encouraging others, managing, organizing Business owner Accounting
working in business. leading and Executive or Manager Economics
captaining , Travel agent Social Studies
computing , planning Music or sports Computing
promoter. Text Information
management
Languages
CONVENTIONAL
DESCRIPTION OF SOME KEY SKILLS SOME OCCUPATIONS SUBJECTS YOU COULD
INTEREST AREA WITH ENTERPRISING STUDY TO GIVE YOU
COMPONENTS THE SKILLS
- Working indoors and Computing and Secretary English
at tasks that involve keyboarding, Receptionist Math
organizing and being recording and Office worker Business Studies
accurate, following keeping records, Librarian Accounting
procedures, working paying attention to Bank clerk Economics
with data or numbers, detail, meeting and Computer operator Computing
planning work and greeting , doing Stores and dispatch Text Information
events. calculations, handling clerk management
money, organizing ,
arranging , working
independently
DONALD SUPER
SUPER’S THEORY
• Developing a sense of self and realizing that
an individual change over time, is important
when planning one’s career.

• Self-concept changes over time an


develops as a result of experience, as
such , career development is lifelong
process
SUPER’S 5 LIVE & CAREER DEVELOPMENT STAGES
STAGE AGE CHRACTERISTICS

GROWTH BIRTH-14 Development of self-concept, attitudes, needs


and general world of work.

EXPLORATION 15-24 “Trying out” through classes, work hobbies.


Tentative choice and skill development.

ESTABLISHMENT 25-44 Entry-level skill building and stabilization through


work experience.

MAINTENANCE 45-64 Continual adjustment process to improve


position

DECLINE 65+ Reduced output, prepare for retirement.


DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS AT THESE DIFFERENT STAGES
LIFE STAGE ADOLECENCE EARLY MIDDLE LATE
ADULTHOOD ADULTHOOD ADULTHOOD
DECLINE Giving less time to Reducing sports Focusing on essentials Reducing working
hobbies participation hours

MAINTENA Verifying current Making Holding one’s own Keeping what one
occupational occupational against competition enjoys
NCE choice position secure

ESTABLISH Getting started in Settling down in a Developing new skills Doing things one has
a chosen field suitable position wanted to do
MENT

EXPLORATI Learning more Finding desired Identifying new tasks to Finding a good
about opportunity work on retirement place
ON opportunities

GROWTH Developing a Learning to relate to Accepting one’s own Finding and valuing
realistic self- others limitation non-occupational
concept roles
JOHN KRUMBOLTZ
PLANNED HAPPENSTANCE
THEORY
• It is OK not to have a plan, because
unplanned events can lead to good careers.

• Indecision is desirable and sensible, as it


allows the prospect for clients to benefit from
unplanned occasions.
PLANNED HAPPENSTANCE THEORY
• This theory addresses the need for people to deal within
the fast-changing labor market.

• It expresses insight on how to deal with the limited


degree of control we have over our career experiences.
• Unforeseen social elements, chance events, and
environmental factors are important influence on people’s
lives that it should be approached in a positive manner.
• This includes:
• Curiosity to explore learning opportunities
• Persistence to face obstacles
• Flexibility to experience a variety of situations and events
• Optimism to fully make use of the benefits from unplanned
events.
• Factors that are helpful for career management
• The commitment to ongoing learning and skill development
• Ongoing self-assessment
• Assessment and feedback from others
• Effective networking
• Achieving work-life balance
• Financial planning to incorporate periods of unemployment.
M.L. SAVICKS & VANCE
PEAVY CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY
OF CAREER
DEVELOPMENT

• - there are no fixed meanings or realities in


the world, there are multiple meanings and
multiple realities. Individuals create their own
meaning of the world through the
experiences they have
CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY
OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT
- “People “construct” themselves and the world around them through the
interpretations they make and the world around them through the
interpretations they make and the actions they take. These “constructs” or
perceptions of events may be useful or may be misleading.

• Individuals differ from each other in their construction of events . Two


people may participate in the same or similar event and have very different
perceptions of the experience
CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY
OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT

People are self-organizing and meaning-makers. Their lives are ever


evolving stories that are under constant revision. An individual may choose
to develop “new constructs” or write new “stories” in their life.

To be an empowered or fulfilled person requires critical reflection of the


assumptions that account for our daily decisions and actions.

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