CHILD ABUSE AND EXPOLITATION

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"Child abuse" refers to the maltreatment, whether habitual or
not, of the child which includes any of the following:

(1) Psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual

abuse and emotional maltreatment;

(2) Any act by deeds or words which debases, degrades or

demeans the intrinsic worth and dignity of a child as a
human being;
(3) Unreasonable deprivation of his basic needs for
survival, such as food and shelter; or

(4) Failure to immediately give medical treatment to an

injured child resulting in serious impairment of his
growth and development or in his permanent
incapacity or death.
 us e
Ab
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T
1. Physical abuse

2. Sexual abuse

3. Emotional abuse

4. Neglect
Physical Abuse
 us e
l A b
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Phy
Non-accidental physical injury (ranging from minor bruises to
severe fractures or death) as a result of punching, beating, kicking,
biting, shaking, throwing, stabbing, choking, hitting (with a hand,
stick, strap, or other object), burning, or otherwise harming a child,
that is inflicted by a parent, caregiver, or other person who has
responsibility for the child.2 Such injury is considered abuse
regardless of whether the caregiver intended to hurt the child.
Physical discipline, such as spanking or paddling, is not considered
abuse as long as it is reasonable and causes no bodily injury to the
 n s
a l S ig
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Ph
have unexplained or poorly explained bruises or welts
have a number of scars in a regular pattern
• have bruises in various colours in the shape of an
object (cord, rope, belt, buckle, clothes hanger)
have human bite marks, visible handprint or finger
prints
have unexplained burns, such as:
cigarette burns
immersion burns that are sock-shaped or glove-
shaped
electric iron or stove burner shaped burns
 n s
a l S ig
y s i c
Ph
have unexplained or poorly explained fractures,
sprains, dislocations or head injuries
have unexplained or poorly explained cuts and
scrapes
have any injury in a spot on their body that it is not
likely to have occurred by accident (e.g. a bruised
earlobe, cut behind the knee)
have consumed a poisonous, corrosive or non-
medical mind altering substance
 g ns
Si
i or al
Be hav
• be defensive about injuries
• have low self esteem
• be frightened by disapproval
• be wary of physical contact with adults
• show fear of parents or other adults
• be nervous when other children cry
• wear clothing that covers their body even when the
weather is war
 g ns
a l Si
i or
ha v
Be
• not be able to tolerate physical contact or touch
• has behavioral extremes, such as aggression or
withdrawal
• run away
• not be able to make friends
• be reluctant to undress around others
• not show any reaction to physical pain
• report injury by their parent
Sexual Abuse
 se
l A bu
xu a
Se

Sexual Abuse is the inappropriate exposure or subjection of a

child to sexual contact, activity or behavior by a parent or
guardian.
 u d e
In cl
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al A
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S
“non-touching” activities “sexual touching”
activities
obscene phone
calls/conversations,
fondling a child,
indecent exposure or
making a child touch an
exhibitionism,
adult’s genital area,
masturbation in front of a child,
–“sexual
sexualexploitation”
intercourse activities
deliberate exposure to others
engaged in sexual activities, – engaging a child for
prostitution
– exposure to any forms of
pornographic material using a child in pornography
or luring a child via the
Internet for sexual purpose
 gn s
a l Si
y s i c
Ph

• have a sexually transmitted disease

• be pregnant at a very young age
• have genital discharge, infection or bleeding
• have physical trauma or irritations in the anal and genital areas
• have pain when urinating or defecating
• have problems walking or sitting due to genital or anal pain
• have stomach aches, headaches or other psychosomatic complaints
 g ns
Si
i or al
Be hav
ua l
S ex
• express premature or inappropriate curiosity or understanding of
sexual behavior
• display inappropriate or aggressive seductive or sexual behavior
with peers, teachers or other adults
• use sexually explicit language or make sexually explicit drawings
• masturbate compulsively
• have poor hygiene or bathe excessively
Emotional Abuse
 us e
l A b
o na
o ti
Em
Emotional abuse is an attack on the child’s self-concept and self-
worth. It is a pattern of ongoing behavior by the parent or guardian
that seriously interferes with the healthy development or the mental
or emotional functioning of the child. Emotional abuse often
happens along with other forms of abuse, such as neglect or
physical abuse.
 u s e
l Ab
o na
ot i
Em Emotional abuse is the result of:
• exposure to family violence in the home;
• exposure to chronic alcohol or drug use in the home;
• rejection;
• the child being ignored or isolated;
• threats, humiliation, unrealistic expectations, or inappropriate
accusations/criticism;
• corruption (permitting a child to use alcohol or drugs, watch or
participate in cruelty to animals, or participate in criminal
activities); or
• negative exposure to someone with a mental or emotional
condition (including suicidal or homicidal ideas) in the home.
 u s e
Ab
i on al
ot
Em Forms of Emotional Abuse
• Belittling
• Coldness
• Corrupting
• Cruelty
• Extreme Inconsistency
• Harassment
• Ignoring
• Inappropriate Control
• Isolating
• Rejecting
• Terrorizing
Neglect
 l e c t
Ne g

Neglect is failing to provide age appropriate basic care such as food,

clothing, shelter, love and affection, medical and dental care,
education, and protection from harm. If the parent or guardian
cannot or will not provide these things to a child, it is neglect.
 gn s
a l Si
y s i c
Ph
• have medical or dental problems that will not go away because the
parent does not take the child for treatment, such as
infected sores, decayed teeth or not having needed glasses
• be underweight or dehydrated
• have poor hygiene
• be emaciated or have a distended stomach
• have clothes that are torn, dirty, do not fit or are not appropriate
for the season
 g ns
a l Si
i or
ha v
Be

• demand constant attention

• have parents who are not interested and not involved
• say that their parents are rarely home to look after them, have
inadequate supervision, be left alone or in the care of another
child who is too young
• have poor school attendance
• have an obvious lack of energy
• frequently say they are hungry, or steal or beg for food
THE EFFECTS
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O ABUSE IN GENERAL
Children suffering abuse develop a range of maladaptive, anti-social
and self-destructive behaviors and thoughts by trying to cope with
the abuse - by trying to understand the situation and why the abuse
is happening.
 Academic difficulties; Insomnia;
Agressive behavior; Learning problems;
Alcohol and/or other drug abuse; Lying;
Anxiety; Malnutrition;
Attention problems; Oppositionality;

Effects Bad dreams;

Bed wetting;
Panic attacks;
Physical symptoms such as
of Child Behavior problems; headaches and stomach
Chronic pain; aches;
Abuse Compulsive sexual behaviors; Repeated self-injury;
Concentration problems; Risky sexual behaviors;
Dangerous behavior such as Running away; Self neglect;
speeding; Dehydration; Separation anxiety; Sexual
Depression; dysfunction;
Dissociative states; Sleep disorders;
Eating disorders; Social withdrawal; Stealing;
Failure to thrive; Stuttering;
Fear or shyness; Substance abuse;
Fear of certain adults or places; Suicide attempts;
Frequent injuries; Thumb-sucking
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SEXUAL ABUSE
The strongest indicators that a child has been sexually abused are
inappropriate knowledge about sex, inappropriate sexual interest,
and sexual acting out. The effects of abuse result from the abuse
itself, from the family's response to the situation, and from the
stigmatization that accompanies abuse.
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• Post-traumatic symptoms • dissociative symptoms,

• depression • eating disorders,
• anxiety • substance abuse,
• Guilt • prostitution,
• fear • regressive behaviors
• sexual dysfunction • runaway behavior

academic and behavior

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ABUSE IN GENERAL
Compared with people without a history of childhood abuse, adults
with a history of childhood abuse are more likely to have:
A partner with a substance abuse problem; Insomnia;
Anxiety disorders; Panic;
Chronic head, face or pelvic pain; Sexual dysfunction;
Eating disorders; Substance abuse;
Musculoskeletal complaints; Suicidal ideation or behavior;
Depression; Pseudo-neurologic symptoms
Gastrointestinal distress or symptoms; Unintended pregnancy;
Asthma or other respiratory ailments; Self-injury;
Obesity, Abuse their own children
Eating disorders;
 u se
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SEXUAL ABUSE
In general, childhood sexual abuse is associated with a greater
risk inof:sexual interest;
Disturbances Self-destructive behavior;
Difficulties during sexual contact; Alcoholism;
Dysfunctions of desire, arousal or orgasm; Drug abuse;
Seductive behaviors, compulsive activity and Panic attacks;
prostitution; Insomnia and sleep problems;
Precocious sexual behavior; Relationship problems;
Confusion of sexuality and nurturing Revictimization;
behavior; Suicide;
Sexually transmitted diseases; Self-mutilation;
Unintended pregnancy; Increased risk for sexually transmitted
Eating disorders; disease;
Excessive weight gain; Identity disturbances; and
Depression; Involvement in physically abusive
THE LAW
 ARTICLE II
Program on Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination

Sec. 4. Formulation of the Program. - There shall be a comprehensive

program to be formulated, by the Department of Justice and the
Department of Social Welfare and Development in coordination with other
government agencies and private sector concerned, within one (1) year
from the effectivity of this Act, to protect children against child
prostitution and other sexual abuse; child trafficking, obscene publications
and indecent shows; other acts of abuse; and circumstances which
endanger child survival and normal development.
ARTICLE III
Child Prostitution and Other Sexual Abuse

Sec. 5. Child Prostitution and Other Sexual Abuse. - Children, whether

male or female, who for money, profit, or any other consideration or due
to the coercion or influence of any adult, syndicate or group, indulge in
sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct, are deemed to be children
exploited in prostitution and other sexual abuse.
The penalty of reclusion temporal in its medium period to reclusion
perpetua shall be imposed upon the following:
(a) Those who engage in or promote, facilitate or induce child prostitution
which include, but are not limited to, the following:

(1) Acting as a procurer of a child prostitute;

(2) Inducing a person to be a client of a child prostitute by means of

written or oral advertisements or other similar means;

(3) Taking advantage of influence or relationship to procure a child as

prostitute;

(4) Threatening or using violence towards a child to engage him as a

prostitute; or

(5) Giving monetary consideration goods or other pecuniary benefit to a

child with intent to engage such child in prostitution.
 ARTICLE VI
Other Acts of Abuse

Sec. 10. Other Acts of Neglect, Abuse, Cruelty or Exploitation and Other Conditions
Prejudicial to the Child's Development. -

(a) Any person who shall commit any other acts of child abuse,
cruelty or exploitation or to be responsible for other
conditions prejudicial to the child's development including
those covered by Article 59 of Presidential Decree No. 603, as
amended, but not covered by the Revised Penal Code, as
amended, shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in its
minimum period.
(b) Any person who shall keep or have in his company a minor, twelve
(12) years or under or who in ten (10) years or more his junior in any
public or private place, hotel, motel, beer joint, discotheque, cabaret,
pension house, sauna or massage parlor, beach and/or other tourist
resort or similar places shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in its
maximum period and a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos
(P50,000.00): Provided, That this provision shall not apply to any
person who is related within the fourth degree of consanguinity or
affinity or any bond recognized by law, local custom and tradition or
acts in the performance of a social, moral or legal duty.
(c) Any person who shall induce, deliver or offer a minor to any one
prohibited by this Act to keep or have in his company a minor as
provided in the preceding paragraph shall suffer the penalty of prision
mayor in its medium period and a fine of not less than Forty
thousand pesos (P40,000.00); Provided, however, That should the
perpetrator be an ascendant, stepparent or guardian of the minor, the
penalty to be imposed shall be prision mayor in its maximum period,
a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00), and the
loss of parental authority over the minor.
(d) Any person, owner, manager or one entrusted with the operation of
any public or private place of accommodation, whether for occupancy,
food, drink or otherwise, including residential places, who allows any
person to take along with him to such place or places any minor herein
described shall be imposed a penalty of prision mayor in its medium
period and a fine of not less than Fifty thousand pesos (P50,000.00),
and the loss of the license to operate such a place or establishment.