Effect of exercise on circulatory

system
 Structure of the heart

• Circulatory system- heart, blood vessels(arteries, capillaries &

veins)
• Right side - oxygen poor blood
• Left-oxygen rich blood
• Veins transport blood from throughout the body to the right
side and then sends the lungs, where it picks up the oxygen
Arteries pumps oxygenated blood to different parts of the body
• Stroke volume
It is the amount of blood leaving each ventricle on each beat.
During maximal exercise the amount of blood pumped out
from the heart in one forceful contraction for athletes is about
175 ml(120ml)
• Cardiac output
it is the amount of blood pumped out from the heart in one
minute. Athletes 35-40liters per minutes(which is 7-8 times
from resting level).
• Resting heart rate
aerobic exercise causes the resting heart rate of the individual s
to decrease below the normal resting heart rate (70-
80/minutes)
• Blood pressure
systolic pressure may increase up to and above 200mm of Hg
from resting value of 120mm of Hg. The diastolic pressure
increase of about 10mm Hg from the normal resting value of
80mm Hg.
• Coronary circulation
heart muscles receive more blood & there is increased
muscularisation in the cardiac muscle
• Cardiac muscles
Increase size and volume of cardiac muscles(specifically left
ventricle)
• Blood flow
blood flow increases
• Strengthen the diaphram
• increase vital capacity (max
amount of air a person can
expel from the lungs),which
will decrease the debt of
oxygen in blood. Which will
prevent the lung diseases &be
more resistant to dust and
mites
• The risk of B.P,& heart
attack is reduced in a
person due to the control on
cholestrol level in blood as a
result of regular exercise
• Lead to an increase in no.
of RBC. This results in
better oxygen carrying
capacity. It will also
improve the color of the
skin.
Effect of Exercise on the Respiratory System
 Structure and functions of respiratory
systems
• Movement of air into and out of the lungs
The exchange of gases between the air and blood , the
transport of gases in the blood , and exchange of gases
between the blood
Types of respiration
Internal respiration – exchange of gases between blood and cell
External respiration- exchange of gases between the blood and
lungs
• Increases the Respiratory • Increases the Rate of Gas
Rate Exchange
the breathing rate of a While exercising, the
person increases from about breathing rate increases, and
15 breaths per minute when the rate of gas exchange
at rest, to about 40 - 60 between the alveoli and
breaths per minute during a capillaries is also
workout. maximized to supply
• Increases the Tidal Volume oxygen and remove excess
carbon dioxide.
The tidal volume refers to
the amount of air inhaled
and exhaled in one breath.
• Strengthening of the • Increases Respiratory
Respiratory Muscles Volume
The diaphragm, and the Respiratory volume is the
intercostal muscles need to amount of air inhaled,
work harder for the exhaled, and stored in the
inhalation and exhalation of lungs at any given time. It is
gases to occur rapidly. Thus, also known as Lung
they are strengthened and Capacity
the chest cavity becomes
larger.
• Efficient Gaseous Exchange
Regular exercise increases
the number of capillaries
surrounding the alveoli. It
also makes the capillaries
dilate more, so that the
gaseous exchange between
the two takes place more
effectively.
• Improves Lung Efficiency
Long-term benefits of
exercising also help improve
the efficiency of the lungs
by facilitating transport of
oxygen to all the cells of the
body. Training also
increases blood flow to a
large extent, which enhances
the area of the lungs
involved in the exchange of
gases.