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IPHP LECTURE 6
Introduction
• Look at freedom from the intellectual, political,
spiritual, and economic aspects.
• Understanding freedom is part of our
transcendence.
• Freedom consists of going beyond situations such
as physical or economic.
• For instance, students can be young and poor, but
they can still pursue their dreams of becoming a
doctor, teacher, or a stage actor.
• Critical thinking is an important tool toward
freedom and truth
Realize that “ All Actions Have
Consequences”
• Aristotle
The power of volition – if there were no intellect, there
would be no will. The task of practical intellect is to
guide will by enlightening it.
The will of humanity is an instrument of free choice. It is
the power of everyone to be good or bad, worthy or
worthless. This is borne out by:
o Our inner awareness of an aptitude to do right or
wrong;
o The common testimony of all human beings;
o The rewards and punishment of rulers; and
o The general employment of praise and blame.
Realize that “ All Actions Have Consequences”
• According to Hobbes
1. First law of Nature – given our desire to get
out of the state of nature and thereby
preserve our lives, we should seek peace.
2. Second Law of Nature – we mutually divest
ourselves of certain rights (such as the right
to take another person’s life) so as to achieve
peace.
Realize that “ All Actions Have Consequences” II
Sovereign/Ruler
(State)
Freedom
(General will or
mutual
transferring of
rights)
Citizens
(Individual Rights)