Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
4. Merkel cells: which function in the sensation of touch along with the
adjacent tactile discs. star-shaped cells arising from bone marrow that
migrate to epidermis, epidermal dendritic cells (macrophages),
interact with a WBC called a T- helper cell, easily damaged by UV light.
Cells of the Epidermis
• Keratinocytes
– produces keratin
– waterproofs the skin
– protective barrier
• Melanocytes
– produces melanin
– protection from sunlight
Epidermis
The epidermis contains four major layers (thin skin) or five major layers (thick skin)
• Stratum basale (deepest layer) or stratum germinativum,
where continuous cell division occurs which produces all
the other layers, single row of cells, mostly columnar
keratinocytes, with rapid mitotic division, contain merkel
cells and melanocytes 10-25%
• Stratum spinosum, 8-10 layers of keratinocytes, 8-10
rows of polyhedral (many sided) cells, appearance of
prickly spines, shrink when prepared for slide, melanin
granules and Langerhans’ cell predominate
• Stratum granulosum, which includes keratohyalin and
lamellar granules, 3 - 5 rows of flattened cells, nuclei of
cells flatten out, organelles disintegrate cells eventually
die, keratohyalin granules (darkly stained), accumulate
lamellated granules secrete glycolipids into extracellular
spaces to slow water loss in the epidermis
• Stratum lucidum is present only in thick skin (the skin
of the fingertips, palms, and soles), 3-5 rows of clear
flat dead cells, keratohyalin (precursor) to keratin
• Stratum corneum: composed of many sublayers of flat,
dead keratinocytes called corneocytes or squames that
are continuously shed and replaced by cells from
deeper strata; constant friction can stimulate formation
of a callus. layer has many rows of dead cells filled with
keratin, continuously shed and replaced
(desquamation), effective barrier against light, heat and
bacteria, 20-30 cell layers thick, dandruff and flakes, 40
lbs of skin flakes in a lifetime (dust mites!)
• Keratinization, the accumulation of more and more
protective keratin, occurs as cells move from the
deepest layer to the surface layer
• Dandruff - an excess of keratinized cells shed from the
scalp
Lapisan Epidermis
Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale
Keratinocytes in stratum spinosum
Detaching corneocytes
from stratum corneum
Other cells of epidermis:
Melanocyte in stratum basale
Melanocytes in stratum basale
Other cells of epidermis:
Langerhans’ cell in stratum spinosum
Langerhans’ cells in stratum spinosum
Major Points
•Skin has a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (epidermis)
Papillary layer
Reticular layer
Lapisan Dermis
The dermis has several important characteristics: is composed of
connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers,
flexible and strong connective tissue, elastic, reticular and
collagen fibers, cells: fibroblasts, macrophages (WBC), mast
cells (histamine), nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels, oil and
sweat glands originate.
pressure