Research Topic

Women in Business at Top Positions in Pakistan

(Case Study in Bahawalpur)

Research By:
Hasnain Ali Shah
Noman Aslam
Muhammad Ibrahim

Supervised By
Dr. Ayesha Shoukat
Assistant Professor

Department of Commerce

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

Limitations:

Due to limited time and less experience Our research

findings are limited up to the effect of
Barriers for women participation at top positions in business
 The role of supporting factors in the participation of women
at top positions of business
Topics to Be Discussed

• Introduction
•Research Background
•Research Gap
•Problem Statement
•Research Questions
•Signification of Research
•Literature Review
•Mapping
•Theoretical Framework
•Research Design
•Data Analysis
•Discussion
•Conclusion & Recommendation
Introduction:
According to the Population census 2017 of Pakistan
the population of women is 48.76% that is a major portion of
population.
According to the World Bank Statistics, Pakistan is
one of the bottom 10 countries with regards to the participation of
women in the workplace.
According to Engage Consulting A total of 1000
female employees from leading companies and 15 female senior
managers participated in the study in Pakistan.

The following facts encourage us to take the research topic of woman

participation in business at top positions in Bahawalpur to see the
effect of these facts and figures……..
Research Background:

As per the study of an Article “Women in Top Management” by

Vickie Elmer, we observe that the participation of women at top positions of
business in different parts of the world like Europe and Africa is not sufficient.
The author proves it with the help of a report of “Women In S&P Companies”
published by “Pyramid”.

It is our base article that inform us about the overall view of

women empowerment in all over the world…..
Research Gap:

As we analyze the relevant articles on women

participation in business at top positions we find that
their ratio of participation in business at higher positions
is not sufficient. We will do our findings in the region of
Bahawalpur to discover whether the women of
Bahawalpur are facing the same problem as the women
of the rest of the world.
Problem Statement:

As per the study of Women participation in S&P 500

Companies published by pyramid on April 3, 2015, which tells that only
4.6% women are involved in top positions of management and only
19.2% are board members which show that women in the field of
business are facing more problems to reach at top level of
management than men. It seems that they have to face some invisible
biases (glass ceiling) in the way of progress. In Pakistan women may
have to face the same problems. We will collect the data from
Bahawalpur and try to analyze that whether the women of Pakistan
especially Bahawalpur are facing the same problems.
Research Questions:

1. What are the reasons caused For Women that they cannot get top positions in
Business in Bahawalpur?

2. What are the chances of Progress in Bahawalpur Region for women?

Research Objective:

The objective of our research is to get the opinion of

the sample population of women that participate in business
at top positions in Bahawalpur. We also try to find out the
reasons that why the contribution of women in business is
very less if it true. We will also try to find out the factors that
may hamper the participation of women in business at top
positions.
Research Significance:

Our topic of research is very important because it is

related to the major part of our population that is
underutilized. The skills of our women are being wasted due
to some barriers that may decrease the participation of a
skilled woman in the field of business and there are less
chances of promotion of a woman in this field that may be
due to biased behavior of opposite gender.
Literature Review:

We have reviewed 10 articles related to our topic

“Women Participation in Business at Top Positions”. We
find the relevant points of our topic discussed by different
scholars of the world related to the problems of women in
the sector of business. We will discuss some important
points of these articles that show that women in the field
of business is facing more and more problems to reach the
higher positions in business.
Theoretical Framework

Independent
Permission for
work

Behaviors Barriers

Labels

Biases

Ability of Job

Experience Nature of Job

Risky or Safe

Dependent
Family
Support Women at Top Positions in Business
Supervisor

Enough Time Family

Responsibilities
Pregnancy

Change Job
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
Self Decision Promotions
Take Steps for
Advancement
Moderating

Less Paid at top

level
Pay Gap
Less Reward
Research Design:

Purpose Of Extent OF Study Setting Research Measurement and

The Study Researcher Strategies: measures
Interference Operational
definitions
Women Participation In Business At Top Positions

Minimal: Data analysis

Studying as
Goodness of
Descriptive they normally Non Contrive Survey
data
occur Research

Unit of analysis Sampling Data

(Population to Design Collection
be studied) method

Individual Non
Probability
Questionnaires
Convenience
sampling
Data Analysis:

Our estimated sample size is 50 but we can collect the opinion of 25

women that are at top positions in Bahawalpur.

We use 5 point likert scale to measure the opinions of our sample

population (from strongly agree to strongly disagree intervals)

We find correlation between our variables (dependent and

independent)
Discussion:

We put our sample data into MS excel for getting the

relationship between our data and find the following results.
Our findings shows that
There is a +ve relationship between supporting
factors(government support, promotions) and Women participation.
And –ve relationship between barriers ( lack of support, pregnancy, gender
bias ) and women participation.

Barriers Supporting PWTP

Factors
Barriers 1
Supporting -0.01751 1
Factors
PWTP -0.10205 0.285891 1
Conclusion:

Our finding from the given data tells us

 If there are more barriers it will result in less participation of women at top
position due to negative relationship between variables.

If there are more supporting factors it will result in increase the
participation of women at top positions due to positive relationship between
variables.
 Positive Relationship
Between variables
Increase Increase

Supporting factors Women Empowerment

Negative Relationship
Increase Decrease Between variables

Barriers Women Empowerment

Recommendations:

Our findings are limited up to the possible effect of barriers and

supporting factors on the participation of women at top positions.
This topic may be extended up to the country wise view of this
topic.
The further study may be carried on….

The participation of women in Politics

The Effect on per capita income of Pakistan due to Participation of
Women in Business
The Government Role in Participation of women in business at CEO level