Guide: Ms.

Mala Das, Presented by:

(Dept. of CS) Hitesh Adhao
(M.Sc, 2nd Year)
Abstract
 To quantify similarity in different images based on
time-series analysis.
 Array to time-series conversion
 Local maxima detection-joining

 Calculation of cumulative angle

Introduction
 Why?
 Pattern recognition is continuously evolving with the
advancements in image analysis and machine vision.
 Human vision and perception can be considered as
the minimum benchmark for all techniques used in
machine vision.
 Under specific conditions, the human perception
cannot be matched equally by a traditional
mathematical parameter.
This necessitates to explore new mathematical
formulations.
Is there any method for Pattern
Recognition?
 Euclidean
 Absolute difference distance
 Correlation
All above methods would yield relatively poor
similarity due to change or shift in pixels position
inside the image.
 2D correlation
coefficient for first two
patterns would yield a
mere 5% similarity.
 Human perception, on
the other hand, probably
identifies the second
image as a slightly
distorted version of the
first image.
Proposed Methodology
Proposed Methodology
 Both patterns are the
same, angles (EAB, EBA,
ECD, and EDC) are
correspondingly equal in
both patterns,
irrespective of their
orientation.
 The core idea of the
proposed method is to
examine the relationship
between successive
pixels in an image.
Figure 3 shows the proposed methodology starting from
reading images to parameter calculation.
Cumulative Angle (CA)
 Cumulative Angle (CA) on the other hand consists of
three values:
 Two CA's for corresponding images; and
their absolute difference.
The absolute difference is a direct pointer to
dissimilarity in the patterns.
 A higher difference means a greater mismatch.
Data transformation
 The conversion process starts with scanning each row
from top left corner to lower right side of the image.
This generates a (1 X MN) array from an (MxN) gray
scale image.
 After computing local maxima, a corresponding vector
containing only maxima points is formed.
This new vector represents a curve joining all the local
maxima.
 A cumulative angle is calculated by first considering
two successive maxima points, and then finding out
the angle corresponding to slope of line joining these
two points.
 Angle formation for lines AB and BC respectively are
shown, where A,B,C are maxima in succession.
 The decision to choose local maxima points instead of
pixels themselves as source of vector quantity (angle)
is to reduce the computational complexity of the
method, since there will be less number of angle
formations.
 For example, there are 8 variations from index 1 to 10
for original time series, in comparison to 4 variations
when local maxima are considered.
 A cumulative angle is calculated by first considering
two successive maxima points, and then finding out
the angle corresponding to slope of line joining these
two points.
 Angle formation for lines AB and BC respectively are
shown, where A,B,C are maxima in succession.
 The decision to choose local maxima points instead of
pixels themselves as source of vector quantity (angle)
is to reduce the computational complexity of the
method, since there will be less number of angle
formations.
 For example, there are 8 variations from index 1 to 10
for original time series, in comparison to 4 variations
when local maxima are considered.
Results and Discussion
The parameters included for comparison are:
 Correlation coefficient
 Euclidean distance
 Cumulative Angle (CA)
Conclusions
 The approach enables more human like judgment in
case of specific pattern matching.
 The comparison method can be conceptually applied
and verified for two different sized images.
 The process time depends on image size making it
more favourable for small and medium sized
image/pattern comparison.
 The proposed technique possess great potential in the
areas of automatic archaeological literature analysis,
robotics vision etc.
References
 Paawan Sharma ,University of Petroleum & Energy
Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001, India
 Mukul Kumar Gupta UPES, Dehradun, 248001, India
 Amit Kumar Mondal UPES, Dehradun, 248001, India
 Vivek Kaundal UPES, Dehradun, 248001, India