lements

Basic Competence
Students are able to explain the
definition of element and compound.
ELEMENTS What are elements?
Elements are pure substances (like hydrogen
and oxygen) that can’t be split into simpler
substances by chemical or physical means.
Some common examples of elements are
hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon. In total, 118
elements have been observed. New
elements are discovered from time to time by
artificial nuclear reactions.
ELEMENTS Who disc vered elements?
As i have stated before, the Greek, Hindu, and Japanese
came up with 4 main classical elements. In 1661 Robert Boyle
showed that there were more than just 4 classical elements.
The first modern list of chemical elements was given in Antoine
Lavoisier's 1789 Elements of Chemistry, which contained thirty-
three elements. In 1869, medeleev’s periodic table showed
66 elements.
As the Years went
by, more and more
elements were
discovered, up until
now, there are 118
elements.
Robert Boyle Mendeleev
ELEMENTS
The periodic table of elements
2006 version :: 116 elements
ELEMENTS
The periodic table of elements
2008 version :: 118 elements
ELEMENTS Atomic number
As you’ve seen in the tables earlier, there is a
number next to the element. But what does this
mean? The number is called the atomic number,
which is determined by the number of protons in an
element. For example, carbon has 6 protons, so its
atomic number is 6.

Atomic mass
The atomic mass is the number of
nucleons In the atomic nucleus.
ELEMENTS Classical elements
Many ancient philosophies used classical elements to
explain patterns in nature

The Greek, Hindu, and Japanese shared the same

classical elements, which were Earth, Water, Air, Fire,
and Aether

The fifth element, was used to describe that which

was beyond the material in this world.
 What do we use elements for?
ELEMENTS We use elements to
construct thousands
of things. And we
need those things,
such as steel for our
everyday necessities.
Without iron, nickel,
manganese, and
A laser, useable in many many more, we
areas of life. would be missing
many types of steel.
On the other hand . . .
 What do we use elements for?
ELEMENTS
On the other
hand, there
are some
elements such
as plutonium,
uranium, and
more that are
used to
destroy.
Atomic Bomb 1945
ELEMENTS Radioactivity
Again, this all relates back to elements, as radioactivity would
not be possible without elements.

Benefits: Radioactivity is often used to diagnose and treat

diseases. It can also produce energy for heat and electric
power, and kill microorganisms that cause contamination and
disease.
Disadvantages: Is extremely harmful, and just a small dose
will kill you.

This just proves my point about elements, that

NOTHING could be possible without them.
 You can look but you better not touch
Q: What are some elements that are dangerous?

A:
Plutonium. This emits alpha radiation. The radiation from even a
small amount of plutonium gas will give you lung cancer.

Mercury. This evaporates readily at room temperature, and

is highly poisonous. It can cause brain damage.

Lead. This stuff is put in the air by burning and fueling with leaded
gasoline, and it appears in old paint. This can cause brain damage,
especially for younger children.
ELEMENTS
Isotope Symbols
Example: H2O
What you see up there is an isotope symbol.
They make it easier to use them (elements) in
chemical equations.

Note: All the Isotopes must be written in

capital form. For example, the hydrogen in
H2O Must be capitalized !!!!!!!!!!!!!
ELEMENTS Isotope Symbols
Reading the symbols
The capitalized
letter is used to
abbreviate the
original element.
The number however, the number is used to express the
quantities of the element.
In this case, is we
were to read this
element, it would
H2O
say 2 hydrogen, and
1 oxygen, which is
water.
Thank You
For Watching
Our
Presentation