PRESENT TENSE

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 VERB (KATA KERJA)

 Most verbs are action words. They tell you what

people, animals or things are doing. (Kebanyakan
Kata Kerja adalah kata yang berupa tindakan. Kata
tersebut menjelaskan tentang apa yang dilakukan
orang, benda atau binatang)

DROP SIT
 Use a singular verb if the subject is a singular
noun. (gunakan kata kerja bentuk tunggal, jika
subjek nya adalah kata benda berbentuk tunggal)

 For example, the subjects ‘my dad’ or ‘our school’ or

any of the pronouns he, she or it, require a singular
verb.

 Most singular verbs end in -s.

He always drinks milk when he’s hot.
She eats bananas for breakfast.
Mom walks to work every day.
My sister dances like a professional dancer.
The baby falls when she tries to walk.
Our cat climbs the trees in our garden.
 Some verbs is made by adding es at the end. Some
examples are verbs that end in sh, ch, ss, x, zz and
o.
brushes watches kisses fixes
rushes reaches misses mixes
polishes teaches passes buzzes
crashes catches presses does
washes touches dresses goes

 Most verbs that end in y, usually, you just change

the y to i and then add es.
carry – carries hurry – hurries copy – copies
cry – cries fly – flies marry – marries
study – studies worry – worries bully – bullies
Some verbs that end in y have a vowel before the
y. Just add an s at the end of these words.

buy – buys say – says pray – prays

pay – pays annoy – annoys stay – stays

 If the subject of a verb is a plural noun, use a plural
verb. Do not add s, es or ies to plural verbs.

 Plural verbs are also used with the pronouns I, we,

you and they.

My sisters listen to music a lot.

The stars shine brightly on a clear night.
I like juicy hamburgers.
We learn interesting things at school.
You all know the words to this song, children.
They always walk home from school together.
 Exercise 1
Read the following sentences. Underline the verb in each sentence.

1. We live in an apartment on the boulevard.

2. Some children learn very fast.

3. We go for swimming lessons on Sunday.

4. I like my new bike.

5. Babies sometimes sleep during the day.

6. My dad buys a newspaper every morning.

7. These dolls belong to Kathleen.

8. I often walk to school with my dad.

9. My sister plays the piano very well.

10. Sarah sometimes reads in bed at night.

 Exercise 2
Fill in the blank spaces with singular form of the verbs
in parentheses.

Example: Ali ______ (look) sad today. LOOKS

1. Sumiko _________ (speak) English very well.

2. Mr. Kim _______(come) to school on his motorbike.

3. My neighbor’s dog _________ (bark) very loudly.

4. My little brother always _________(brush) his teeth properly.

5. Dad is so tall that his head almost _________(touch) the ceiling.

6. Our dog ________(catch) the ball in its teeth.

7. Mom__________(mix) vinegar and oil to make salad dressing.

8. Sally________(try) not to disturb her brother when he’s reading.

9. Dad ________(buy) his newspaper from the store on the corner.

10. Her music ________(annoy) me when I’m doing my homework.

 ADVERBS (KATA KETERANGAN)
An adverb is a word that describes a verb. It tells you about
an action, or the way something is done. A lot of adverbs
end in -ly.

Many adverbs are made by adding –ly to adjectives.

The Prince and the Princess lived happily ever after.

It is raining heavily.
The soldiers fought bravely.
The sun is shining brightly.
The old man walked slowly.
Some adverbs describe the way something is done. They
are called adverbs of manner.

Please speak clearly.

Look closely at these footprints.
You have all answered correctly.
You can shop cheaply at this store.
Jamal dressed smartly for the party.
Maria is behaving selfishly.
No Aturan Contoh Adjective – Adverb

 brief – briefly
 deep – deeply
 mysterious – mysteriously
Sebagian besar adverb dibentuk dengan
langsung menambahkan -ly di  careful – carefully
ujung adjective. Jika adjective memiliki  total – totally
huruf akhir “L”, maka ada double “L”  powerful – powerfully
pada adverb yang dihasilkan.
Adapun pada adjective dengan dua huruf  loose – loosely
terakhir “konsonan + e”, huruf “e” tersebut  massive – massively
1 tetap dipertahankan.  desperate – desperately

 easy – easily
 happy – happily
 heavy – heavily
Jika adjective terdiri dari dua suku kata (two  guilty – guiltily
syllables) dan huruf terakhirnya “y”, maka  lucky – luckily
2 huruf tersebut diganti dengan “ily”.  nasty – nastily

 accessible – accessibly
 available – availably
 capable – capably
Adjective dengan tiga huruf terakhir berupa  gentle – gently
“konsonan + le”, huruf “e”-nya diganti  reasonable – reasonably
3 dengan “y”.  portable – portably

Jika suatu adjective memiliki akhiran -ic,
4 akhiran tersebut perlu diganti dengan -ically.
 empiric – empirically
 energetic – energetically
 enthusiastic – enthusiastically
 generic – generically
 periodic – periodically
Exercise 3
Rewrite the following adjectives as adverbs.

1 slow ____________ 7 cool ____________

2 beautiful ____________
3 strong ____________
4 tidy ____________
5 brave ____________
6 soft ____________
8 comfortable ____
9 wise ____________
10 quiet ____________
11 merry ____________
12 busy ____________
 PRESENT TENSE
The simple present tense expresses a general truth or
a customary action. (Simple present tense mengukap-
kan kebenaran umum atau tindakan kebiasaan)

Monkeys like bananas.

Tom collects stamps.
The earth goes around the sun.
It often snows in winter.
We always wash our hands before meals.
Father takes the dog for a walk every morning.
Use the simple present tense to talk about things
that are planned for the future. (gunakan simple
present tense untuk mengungkapkan tentang
sesuatu yang direncanakan untuk masa yang akan
datang)

We fly to London next Thursday.

The plane lands at 5:30 P.M.
We move to our new house in a month.
My big sister begins her summer job next week.
•For habits (KEBIASAAN)
He drinks tea at breakfast.
She only eats fish.

•For repeated actions (KEGIATAN YANG BERULANG)

We catch the bus every morning.

•For general truths (KEBENARAN UMUM)

Water freezes at zero degrees.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
•For instructions (PETUNJUK)
Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.

•For fixed arrangements (PENGATURAN/RENCANA TETAP)

His mother arrives tomorrow.
Our holiday starts on the 26th March
Affirmative Interrogative Negative

I think Do I think? I do not think

You think Do you think? You do not think

He thinks Does he think? He does not think

She thinks Does she think? She does not think

It thinks Does it think? It does not think

We think Do we think? We do not think.

They think Do they think? They do not think.

(+) Subject + V1 (s/es) + Object/Complement

(-) Subject + Do/Does Not + V1 + Object/Complement

(?) Do/Does + Subject + V1 + Object/Complement

 Am, Is and Are
The words am, is, are are also verbs, but they are not
action words. They are the simple present tense of the
verb be. Use am with the pronoun I, and is with the
pronouns he, she and it. Use are with the pronouns you,
we and they.

I am Peter.
She is Miss Lee.
He is my father.
You are a stranger.
We are in the same class.
They are good friends. They are not enemies
Use the verb is with singular nouns and are with
plural nouns.

Kenneth is a lawyer.
Rex is a clever dog.
The playground is full of people today.
My house is near the school.
These questions are too difficult.
The balloons are very colorful.
Those people are very busy.
Dad and Mom are in the kitchen.
 We are
I am
Present simple: Affirmative You are
He/She/It is
They are

Are we?
Am I?
Interogative: Are you?
Is he/she it?
Are they?

We are not/ aren’t

I am not/ I’m not You are not/ aren’t
Negative:
He/She/It is not/ isn’t They are not/ aren't
(+) Subject + IS / AM/ ARE + Object/Complement

(-) Subject + IS/ AM/ ARE Not + Object/Complement

(?) IS/ AM/ ARE + Subject + Object/Complement

Use is and are with the word there to say what
you can see and hear.

There is a castle on the hill.

There are some clouds in the sky.
There is a fence around the school.
There are a lot of books in the library.
There are two guards at the gate.
Exercise 5
Complete the following sentences by writing am, is or are in the
blank spaces.

1. The weather ____________ beautiful today.

2. All the children ______________ on the playground.

3. Boys! You _____________ always late for class.

4. __________you on the basketball team, too?

5. Nobody in my class _________ interested in football.

6. _________ this computer more expensive than that one?

7. Sally _________ my best friend.

8. Mom and Dad _________ downstairs watching television.

9. Paul and Henry _______ in the computer room.

10. The Eiffel Tower ______ the tallest monument in Paris.

 Exercise 6
Fill in the blanks with There is or There are.

1 ______________ a fence around the barn.

2 ______________ trees along the road.

3 ______________ a rainbow in the sky.

4 ______________ lots of parks in our town.

5 ______________ nothing in the cupboard.

6 ______________ not many bedrooms in the new house.

7 ______________ lots of mistakes on your test paper.

8 ______________ a wasps’ nest in the tree.

9 ______________ ants in the cookies.

10 ______________ many different kinds of animals in the zoo.

Exercise 4

Make 15 sentences including

affirmative, negative and interogative
using simple present tense!