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MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
PRIMING ACTIVITY
The boat is sinking. Group yourselves by
3
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
PRIMING ACTIVITY
The boat is sinking. Group yourselves by
6
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
PRIMING ACTIVITY
The boat is sinking. Group yourselves by
10
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
ACTIVITY 1 (Group Work) (15 min)
Sorting Functions
1. You are given four graphs, four equations, four tables, and four rules.
2. Your task is to match each graph with an equation, a table and a rule.
3. Compare your results and describe their properties.
4. The team leaders of the groups report their conclusions to the whole
class.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
ACTIVITY 1 (Group Work) (15 min)
CONTENT STANDARD:
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of functions.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
ABSTRACTION
PERFORMANCE STANDARD:
The learner is able to accurately construct mathematical models to
represent real-life situations using functions.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
ABSTRACTION
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
The learners ...
a. represents real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise
functions.
b. evaluates a function.
c. performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition
of functions.
d. solves problems involving functions.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
Is a relation a function?
What is a function?
Input 4 –5 0 9 –1
Output –2 7
{(0, 5), (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1), (5, 0)}
Is this a function?
Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates
YES
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS AS A SET OF
ORDERED PAIRS
{(–1, 7), (1, 0), (2, 3), (0, 8), (0, 5), (–2, 1)}
Is this a function?
Hint: Look only at the x-coordinates
NO
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS AS A SET OF
ORDERED PAIRS
Which mapping represents a function?
Choice One Choice Two
3 –1 2 2
1 2 –1 3
0 3 3 –2
0
Choice 1
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS AS A SET OF
ORDERED PAIRS
Which mapping represents a function?
A B
B
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS AS A SET OF
ORDERED PAIRS
{(0, 5), (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1), (5, 0)}
What is the domain? { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }
b. {(4, 5), (7, –3), (4, 10), (–6, 1)} Not a function Four has two values
c. {(–2, 3), (0, 3), (4, 3), (6, 3), (8, 3)} Function
e. y = x2 − 3 x + 2 Function
f. 4 x – 8 y = 24 Function
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FUNCTIONS AND RELATION AS
AS A TABLE OF VALUES
We can present the ordered pairs in a list or table.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FUNCTIONS AS A GRAPH IN THE
CARTESIAN PLANE
We can use a graph to indicate the ordered pairs. The graph can show
distinct ordered pairs, or it can show all the ordered pairs on a line or
curve.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FUNCTIONS AS A GRAPH IN THE
CARTESIAN PLANE
Find the Domain and Range of a Relation.
c.
Domain is { x | – 5 ≤ x ≤ 5 }
in set-builder notation
or [ – 5, 5 ] in interval notation
Range is { y | – 3 ≤ y ≤ 4}
in set-builder notation
or [ – 3, 4 ] in interval notation
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FUNCTIONS AS A GRAPH IN THE
CARTESIAN PLANE
Find the Domain and Range of a Relation.
Domain is { x | x ≤ 3 }
d.
in set-builder notation
or (– ∞, 3] in interval notation
Range is ℝ in set-builder notation
or ( – ∞, ∞ ) in interval notation
Domain is ℝ or ( – ∞, ∞ )
Range is { y | y ≥ 0 } or [ 0, ∞
e. y = I x – 1 I
)w23py677
Summary of Graphs of Common Functions
f(x) = c
y=x
y x
y=x3
y x y = x2
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
VERTICAL LINE TEST
Vertical Line Test
FUNCTION FUNCTION
NOT A FUNCTION
NOT A FUNCTION
FUNCTION
NOT A FUNCTION FUNCTION
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FUNCTIONS AS REPRESENTATIONS
OF REAL LIFE SITUATIONS
Functions in the real world
Money as a function of time. You never have more than one amount of
money at any time because you can always add everything to give one
total amount.
Temperature as a function of various factors. Temperature is a very
complicated function because it has so many inputs, including: the time of
day, the season, the amount of clouds in the sky, the strength of the wind,
where you are and many more.
Location as a function of time. You can never be in two places at the same
time.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FUNCTIONS AS REPRESENTATIONS
OF REAL LIFE SITUATIONS
Which situation represents a function?
a. The items in a store to their prices on a certain date
b. Types of fruits to their colors
Solution:
a
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FUNCTIONS AS REPRESENTATIONS
OF REAL LIFE SITUATIONS
Real-life situation
Identify whether the relation that exists between each
of the following pairs indicates a functions or not.
1. A jeepney to its plate number. F
2. A teacher to his/her cellular phone. Not F
3. A pen to its ink color. Not F
What subset of the real numbers makes sense for the domain?
Whole numbers
0 x 4
Write an inequality that represents the range in real life.
0 y 220
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
FUNCTIONS AS REPRESENTATIONS
OF REAL LIFE SITUATIONS
Mr. Landry is driving to his hometown. It takes four hours to get there. The
distance he travels at any time, t, is represented by the function d = 55 t
(his average speed is 55 mph).
What is the independent variable?
The time that he drives.
Jorge went to pick up his order. They said his total bill was $9.50. Could
this be correct? Why or why not?
Yes
Susan went to pick up her order. They said she owed $10.25. Could this
be correct? Why or why not?
No
2 x 1, if x 1
f x
3x 1, if x 1
•One equation gives the value of f(x) when x ≤ 1
•And the other when x>1
Evaluate f(x) when x=0, x=2, x=4
x 2, if x 2
f ( x)
2 x 1, if x 2
•First you have to figure out which equation to use
•You NEVER use both
x 3, if x 1
•For all x’s < 1, use the top graph (to the left of 1)
x 1, if x 2
f ( x)
x 1, if x 2
Point of Discontinuity
Step Functions
1, if 0 x 1
2, if 1 x 2
f ( x)
3, if 2 x3
4, if 3 x 4
1, if 0 x 1
2, if 1 x 2
f ( x)
3, if 2 x 3
4, if 3 x 4
Graph :
1, if 4 x 3
2, if 3 x 2
f ( x)
3, if 2 x 1
4, if 1 x 0
Special Step Functions
Two particular kinds of step functions are called ceiling functions
( f (x)= x and floor functions ( f (x)= x ).
For example:
[2.1] = 2, i.e. greatest integer less than or equal to 2.1 is 2, similarly
[–2.1] = –3
[2] = 2
[3 . 9] = 3
[–3 . 9] = –4
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
A store charges Php150 per t-shirt for orders of 50 or fewer, Php 135 per
t-shirt for orders of 75 or fewer but more than 50 t-shirts, and Php 125 per
t-shirt for orders of more than 75 t-shirts. Which function best represents
the printing cost C of x number of t-shirts?
150 x, if 0 x 50 150 x, if 0 x 50
(a) C ( x) 135 x, if 51 x 75 (c) C ( x) 135 x, if 51 x 75
125 x, if 76 x 125 x, if 76 x
150 x, if 0 x 50
Answer: C
(b) C ( x) 135 x, if 51 x 75
125 x, if 76 x
Symmetric about the y axis
FUNCTIONS
Symmetric about the origin
Even functions have y-axis Symmetry
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
Even, Odd or Neither?
Graphically
Even, Odd or Neither?
Graphically
f ( x) x x
3
Even, Odd or Neither?
Graphically
Even, Odd or Neither?
Graphically
A function is even if 𝒇(−𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) for
every number x in the domain.
Given 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 − 10
𝑓 −𝒙 = 3 −𝒙 2 − 10
= 3𝑥 2 − 10
Same!
Even Function
A function is odd if 𝒇(−𝒙) = −𝒇(𝒙) for
every number x in the domain.
If you plug a –x into the function and you get the negative of
the function back (all terms change signs), the function is odd.
Given 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 − 5𝑥
𝑓 −𝒙 = 4 −𝒙 3 − 5(−𝒙)
= −4𝑥 3 + 5𝑥
ALL signs of the
terms changed!
Odd Function
A function is even if 𝒇(−𝒙) = 𝒇(𝒙) for
every number x in the domain.
f x 5 x 2 x 1
4 2 Is this function even?
YES
f x 5( x) 2( x) 1 5x 2 x 1
4 2 4 2
If you plug a –x into the function and you get the negative of
the function back (all terms change signs), the function is odd.
f x 5 x 2 x 1
4 2 Is this function odd?
NO
f x 5( x) 2( x) 1 5x 2 x 1
4 2 4 2
f x 2( x) ( x) 2 x x
3 3
Odd, Even, or Neither?
𝑓 𝑥 = 5𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 − 12
4 2
𝑓 −𝒙 = 5 −𝒙 + 3 −𝒙 − 12
= 5𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 2 − 12
Even Function
Odd, Even, or Neither?
𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 7
3 2
𝑓 −𝒙 = 4 −𝒙 + −𝒙 −7
= −4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 7
3
𝑓 −𝒙 = 12 −𝒙 − 6 −𝒙
= −12𝑥 3 + 6𝑥
Odd Function
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
f(x) means function of x and is read “f of x.”
f(1) = 2x + 1
f(1) = 2(1) + 1
f(1) = 3
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
Function Notation
g(-2) = x 2 – 3
g(-2) = (-2) 2 – 3
g(-2) = 1
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
Function Notation
f(0) = 3
f(1.5) = 4
f(-4) = 4
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),
f(0) = 1
f(1.5) = 3
f(-4) = 1
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
For each function, evaluate f(0), f(1.5), f(-4),
f(0) = –5
f(1.5) = 1
f(-4) = 1
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
f ( x h) f ( x )
Given f(x) = x2 – 4x + 7 Find.
h
[( x h) 2 4( x h) 7] [ x 2 4 x 7]
h
x 2 xh h 4 x 4h 7 x 4 x 7
2 2 2
h
2 xh h 2 4h h ( 2 x h 4)
= 2x + h - 4
h h
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
USING OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
USING OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
USING OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
USING OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
USING OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
USING OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
USING OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
USING OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
USING OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS and DOMAIN
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
EVALUATING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
EVALUATING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
EVALUATING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
EVALUATING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
EVALUATING COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
APPLICATION
1. A ball is thrown straight up, from 3 m above the ground, with a velocity
of 14 m/s. When does it hit the ground?
2. A 3 hour river cruise goes 15 km upstream and then back again. The
river has a current of 2 km an hour. What is the boat's speed and how long
was the upstream journey?
3. x = 0.8 cm (approx.)
Closure
TEACH is
TOUCH LIVES
EVER to an Individual
Learner.
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
An Autonomous University
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
Group 1 : Module 1
Group 2 : Module 2
Group 3 : Module 3
Group 4 : Module 4
Group 5 : Module 5