Biosensor for Fruit &

Vegetables Quality
Determination
Dr Niramol Punbusayakul
http://www.karstenfaehnrich.de/Biosensors/biosens
Biosensor & Its Importance
 An analytical device that incorporates an immobilized
biological element which interacts with an analyte of
interest in ‘real time’
 Converting the biological response into an electrical
signal (readable)
 Importance
Offer analytical simplicity
Selective, rapid (real-time) , specificity & sensitive
Wide range of substances (target species)
Mass producible, economic & disposable
Can be operated in cpx matrices (not much sample
preparation needed)
User friendly & do not require much technical skills to
operate
With modern tech.: allow their integration into small
portable devices
Biosensors Components
Biological recognition element: react
with the interested species
Transducer: convert the biological signal
to observable signal
Acquisition device: amplify & provide
readable signal

http://www.dddmag.com/images/0409/HTS1_l
rg.jpg
How BioSensor Works?

 Interest species react at the surface of the recognition element

 Properties of the surface of the recognition element change
 Transducer recognizes the change & converts that change into an
observable signal
Recognition Elements
Antibodies & antibody fragments
Enzyme
Cell membrane receptors
http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=1
A living cell
Nucleic acid-based probes: DNA,
RNA/peptide nucleic acid
Aptamers
Chemically generated recognition surface:
plastibodies (artificial
antibodies/molecularly imprinted polymers)
 Classification of Biosensors:
Biological recognition element
Biological recognition Biosensor types
elements
Enzymes Enzyme electrode

Proteins
Antibodies Immunosensor
DNA DNA sensor
Organells
Microbial cells Microbial sensor
Plant & animal tissues
 Transducers Used in
Biosensors
Transduce Biosensor Signal determined
rs s
Electrochemical - -Conductance change
Conductimetric - Potential (E) when no current (I)
-Potentiometric flow (at equil)
-Votammetric -Apply different potential &
determine current

Electrical Field effect I flows along a semiconductor from a

transistor source gate to a drain, a small
change gate E → large variation I
from source to drain
Optical SPR -Surface plasmon resonance
Thermal Calorimetry Heat exchange detected by
thermisters & related to the rate of
reaction
Ideal Characteristics
Biosensors
High specific Real-time results
biorecognition Good signal to noise
element ratio
Reusable Robust
High sensitivity Ability to measure
Cost effective samples in a high-
throughput fashion
Rapid analysis time if required
Use of ‘on-line’/’in Possibility of
situ’ measurement incorporation into
automated robotic
systems
Fast turnaround
time on analysis
Applications of Biosensors for
Fruit & Vegetable Quality
Determination
Risk in Fruit & vegetable
Toxic materials:
herbicides &
pesticides
Intentional added to
suppress growth of
plant & insect
populations
Microbial toxin:
mycotoxins:
aflatoxin B1
 Methods for F& V Quality
analysis
Method Advantages Disadvantages
- Visual monitoring Fast after harvesting Not sufficient for providing
- Analysis of soluble solid on location at the consumer satisfication or
content minimal cost acceptable regulations
- Monitoring of titratable
acidity
- HPLC & GC/MS Accurate -Time-consuming
High sensitive - Need expertise &
expensive
- Using NIR, SEM Accurate - expensive, need expertise
- Detection of indicator easier - Less accurate (a lot of
molecule (freshness: affecting factors)
flavonoid), assessing
product firmness, ,
monitoring bitterness
- Non-destructive test: - Many factors concerned
acoustic response
Immunosensor
Biorecognition element:
antibody
Interested species:
antigen
Transducer
Piezoelectric: QCM
(Quartz crystal
microbalance)
 Frequency changed with
weight

Reaction: antibody-antigen affinity

Observable signal: frequency
 Determination of the
Antioxidant Potential of
Some Less Common Fruit
Species

http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/8/12/7564/pdf
Optical Sensor

Fluorescent particle labe

Surface sorting of DNA tagged

nanoobjects
http://www.lbb.ethz.ch/Research/Biosensors/Mart
 Optical Sensor

http://www.nature.com/nrd/journal/v1/n7/fig_tab/nrd838_
 Strategy for SNP detection on thin-film biosensor chips

Zhong X et al. PNAS 2003;100:11559-11564

http://www.pnas.org/content/100/20/11559/F1.expans
©2003 by National Academy of Sciences
 Antioxidants’ Ability to Scavenge
Free Radicals Using Biosensors

https://www.landesbioscience.com/curie/chapter
 Determination of Phenolic
Metabolites

https://www.landesbioscience.com/curie/chapter/
 Enzymatic Biosensor

http://www.ejpau.media.pl/volume9/issue4/art-53.html
 Optical Detector

http://www.biotek.com/resources/articles/cell-based-assays

http://www.business-sites.philips.com/sites/philipsbs/magnotech/press/picture
 DNA Micro Array Sensor

http://chem.chem.rochester.edu/~krauss/researc
Electrochemical Sensor

Monitor
• Enzyme
reactions
• Antigen-
antibody
reactions
• Nucleic
acid
hybridizati
ons
http://unit.aist.go.jp/rigb/gf-bmo/research_e.
 Interferometric biosensor

http://unit.aist.go.jp/rigb/gf-bmo/research_e.
Peptide Hormone Sensor

http://unit.aist.go.jp/rigb/gf-bmo/research_e.
http://www.mitre.org/news/digest/advanced_research/01_08/a_bios
Some good webs

http://www.biochip.umd.edu/payne/index.html