Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Natural Convective
Flow and Heat Transfer inside a Prismatic Enclosure
M. S. Alam 1, 2 , M. M. Rahman 1,*, S. Parvin 3 and K. Vajravelu 4
1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, P.C. 123
AlKhod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
2 Department of Mathematics, Jagannath University, Dhaka-1100, Bangladesh
3 Department of Mathematics, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology,
Dhaka-1000,
Bangladesh
4 Department of Mathematics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, U
Published in: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND TECHNOLOGY (Vol. 34, No. 3,
September 2016, pp. 391-400)
Supervised By-
Presented By-
Dr. Sumon Saha
Md Rafiqul Hasan (1310094) Associate Professor
Md Jahid Hasan (1310096) Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET
Outline
Introduction
Objectives
Physical Model
Governing Equations
Numerical procedure
Grid sensitivity Test
Results and Discussions
Conclusions
INTRODUCTION
Identification of Convection based on Richardson number
Natural convection: Caused by natural means such as buoyancy effect
when Ri 10.
Forced convection: Caused by external means such as pump or fan when
Ri 0.1.
Mixed Convection is combined natural and forced convection when 0.1
Ri 10.
where Richardson number, Ri = Gr/ Re2.
In future, mixed convection related problems will be more challenging.
Lid-driven cavities is one of the most widely studied problems in thermo-
fluid studies.
Lid-driven enclosures are used in many engineering applications.such as:
food processing, lubricating technologies, electronic cooling, crystal
growth,float glass production,dynamics of lakes.
Heat transfer characteristics will be enhanced by using nanofluids.
Title Layout
Subtitle
Objectives
• To develop a generalized mathematical model for mixed convection in a
lid-driven square cavity partially heated and filled with nanofluid .
B=H/3 TH g TH B=H/3
NanoFluids
y H/2 H/2
Ub=λU0 Tc
x
H=Cavity height U0=Dimensionless velocity of the upper lid
g= Gravitational acceleration Ub=Dimensionless velocity of the bottom wall
U
Working Fluid : Cu-Water nanofluid λ= walls velocity ratio= b (-2≤ λ ≤ 2)
U𝑡
Φ= solid volume Fraction= 0≤ Φ ≤.1
B= Dimensionless length of heat source
Ri= Richardson number = .01≤ 𝑅𝑖 ≤ 100
Y-momentum Equation:
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑝 𝜕2 𝑣 𝜕2 𝑣
𝜌𝑛𝑓(𝑢 +𝑣 ) =- + 𝜇𝑛𝑓 ( 2 + ) + 𝜌𝑛𝑓𝑔𝛽𝑛𝑓(𝑇 − 𝑇𝑐)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 2
Energy Equation:
𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇 𝜕2 𝑇 𝜕2 𝑇
(𝜌𝐶𝑝)nf (𝑢 𝜕𝑥 +𝑣 ) = knf (𝜕𝑥 2 + )
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 2
Governing Equations
Where,
𝜌𝑛𝑓 = 1 − Φ 𝜌𝑓 + Φ𝜌𝑝
𝜌𝛽 𝑛𝑓 = 1 − Φ 𝜌𝛽 𝑓 + Φ 𝜌𝛽 𝑝
𝜌𝐶𝑝 𝑛𝑓 = 1 − Φ 𝜌𝐶𝑝 𝑓 + Φ 𝜌𝐶𝑝 𝑝
𝑘 +2𝑘𝑓 −2Φ(𝑘𝑓−𝑘𝑝)
knf=kf 𝑝
𝑘𝑝+2𝑘𝑓 +Φ(𝑘𝑓−𝑘𝑝)
𝜇𝑛𝑓 = 𝜇𝑓 (1 − Φ)−2.5
Non-Dimensional Coordinate:
𝑥 𝑦 𝑢 𝑣 𝑝 𝑇−𝑇𝑐
X= ,Y= ,U= ,V = ,P= ,𝜃 =
𝐿 𝐿 𝑈0 𝑈0 𝜌𝑛𝑓 𝑈02 𝑇𝐻−𝑇𝑐
Non-dimensional Equations
Continuity Equation:
𝜕𝑈 𝜕𝑉
+ 𝜕𝑌 = 0
𝜕𝑋
X-momentum Equation:
𝜕𝑈 𝜕𝑈 𝜕𝑃 1 𝜇𝑛𝑓 𝜕2 𝑈 𝜕2 𝑈
𝜌𝑛𝑓(𝑈 +𝑉 )= - + ( + )
𝜕𝑋 𝜕𝑌 𝜕𝑋 𝑅𝑒 𝜗𝑓𝜌𝑛𝑓 𝜕𝑋 2 𝜕𝑌 2
Y-momentum Equation:
𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑉 𝜕𝑃 1 𝜇𝑛𝑓 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜕2 𝑉 𝜌𝛽 𝑛𝑓
𝜌𝑛𝑓(𝑈 𝜕𝑋 +𝑉 ) =- + ( + )+ Ri𝜃
𝜕𝑌 𝜕𝑋 𝑅𝑒 𝜗𝑓𝜌𝑛𝑓 𝜕𝑋 2 𝜕𝑌 2 𝜌𝑛𝑓𝛽𝑓
Energy Equation:
𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝛼𝑛𝑓 1 𝜕2 𝜃 𝜕2 𝜃
(𝑈 𝜕𝑋 +𝑉 𝜕𝑌
) = (
𝛼𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑃𝑟 𝜕𝑋 2
+ 𝜕𝑌 2
)
Non-dimensional Equations
The non-dimensional governing parameters can be expressed
as,
We have used ,
Pr =6.2
Ra = 104
Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions for
the governing equations are:
Top wall
U=Ut=U0 , V = 0 and 𝜃 = 0
Bottom wall
U=Ub=λU0 , V=0 and 𝜃 = 0
1 B 1 B
𝜃 = 1 for X=0,1 and ( − )≤ 𝑌 ≤ +
2 2 2 2
𝜕θ
= 0 for X = 0,1 and 0 ≤ 𝑌
𝜕X
1 𝐵 1 𝐵
≤ − , + ≤𝑌≤1
2 2 2 2
Mathematical Formulation
𝑘𝑛𝑓 𝜕𝜃
Local Nusselt Number along the heat sources: Nu= - 𝑘𝑓 𝜕𝑋
The average Nusselt number is obtained by integrating the local
Nusselt Number along the heat sources and is defined by
1 𝐵
1 2+ 2
Nuavg = )𝑌(𝑢𝑁
𝐵 1−𝐵
𝑑𝑌
2 2
Numerical Procedure
The sequence updates the velocity field through the solution of the
momentum equations using known values for pressure and velocity.
31
Here For mesh number of
30.5
Nuavg
mesh number. But we 29
28.5
have used mesh number
28
of 2344 elements so that
27.5
we can save time as for 27
0 10000 20000 30000 40000
Number of elements
30000 elements it takes
many times.
Fig. 2. Average Nusselt number for different number of elements
Result & discussion
Results are mainly based on
The influences of the Richardson number (Ri) on the flow and
heat transfer characteristics such as the streamlines, isotherms
and the average Nusselt number.
The influences of Volume fraction of the nanoparticles (φ) on
the flow and heat transfer characteristics such as the
streamlines, isotherms and the average Nusselt number.
The influences of the walls speed ratios (λ) on the flow and
heat transfer characteristics such as the streamlines, isotherms
and the average Nusselt number.
The influences of the location of the heat source ( right side or
left side) on the flow and heat transfer characteristics such as
the streamlines, isotherms and the average Nusselt number.
Previous work
Present work
Results & Discussions
Fig 16: Variation of average Nu with different walls speed ratio at Ri=.01
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
avg
Fig 17: Variation of average Nu with different walls speed ratio at Ri=1
Results & Discussions
Fig 18: Variation of average Nu with different walls speed ratio at Ri=100
Results & Discussions
(Jmai et al.)
30 (Present work)
(Jmai et al.)
(Present work)
25 (Jmai et al.)
(Present work)
(Jmai et al.)
20 (Present work)
(Jmai et al.)
(Present work)
15 (Jmai et al.)
NuL (Present work)
10
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10
Ri
10
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10
Ri
10
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2
10 10 10 10 10 10
Ri