CHAPTER 7

THE REIGN OF SULTAN HASHIM

1885 - 1906

“O you who believe! If you help (in the cause of) Allah, He
will help you, and make your foothold firm.”
(Muhammad:7)
OFF 1
7.1 FURTHER LOSS OF TERRITORIES

The 25th Sultan of Brunei was Sultan Hashim. He became

Sultan in 1885.

In 1885, Brunei was only the size

of Modern Brunei plus the
Limbang and Pandaruan districts.

In order to stop the British from

taking more land by force, the
Sultan ceded Terusan to Sarawak.

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7.2 THE TREATY OF PROTECTION 1888
Brunei appealed to British Crown for help to
prevent further loss of territory

Sir Hugh Low sent from Perak to Brunei to

negotiate a treaty, giving British protection

Treaty of Protection, 17th Sept 1888

• British status changed to British protectorate
• Britain took over responsibility for Brunei’s external affairs
• Brunei guaranteed protection against attacks
• Sultan could not cede territory without British consent

OFF 3
7.2 THE TREATY OF PROTECTION 1888

Brunei thought that Treaty of

Protection would save it from foreign
intervention, especially from Charles
Brooke.

Unfortunately, British considered

Charles Brooke a British, so it did not
stop him from seizing Limbang in 1890.

OFF 4
7.3 SEIZURE OF LIMBANG
Brunei in 1880

OFF 5
7.3 SEIZURE OF LIMBANG

Charles Brooke attracted He said it was part of land

to Limbang because it was given to him in 1884.
richest food-growing Therefore he seized Limbang
district of Brunei. on 17 March, 1890

protested to the British Government

Noel Trevenan was sent to

investigate the matter

OFF 6
7.3 SEIZURE OF LIMBANG
Trevenan asked the opinion
of 15 of the 33 local chiefs.
12 of the 15 local chiefs said:
Sultan Hashim objected to
this because:
However the British accepted
Trevenan’s opinion and
confirmed Brooke’s
annexation of Limbang
OFF
We are in favour of
joining Sarawak (under
Charles Brooke)
• It ignored the opinion
of the chiefs who were
not present
• Those who were invited
were Brooke’s supporters
• Trevenan’s officials
worked for Brooke
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7.4 DISTURBANCES IN BELAIT AND TUTONG
• Troubles in Belait and Tutong dated from about 1895.
• The main problem was heavy taxes imposed by Tulin holders
on people in both areas.
Sultan Hashim’s son-in-law tried
to stop the trouble. He executed the
Problems began rebels.
when the people
murdered the tax Charles Brooke took this
collectors opportunity to annex Belait and
Tutong. He asked the Sultan to
cede Belait and Tutong to him.

The Sultan refused. Hence Belait and Tutong remain part of Brunei.
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7.5 THE MCARTHUR REPORT 1904
• British sent Malcolm McArthur
Sultan Hashim felt like to Brunei to check on problems
the British were not there
protecting Brunei. He • McArthur saw the problems
wrote to Sultan of created by Charles Brooke
Turkey to ask for help. • McArthur recommended a new
This letter was agreement to supplement the 1888
discovered by the Treaty of Protection
British. • These agreements would help
protect Brunei

OFF 9
7.6 SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT 1905 - 1906

Supplementary Agreement signed on 31 December 1905 by

Sultan Hashim and John Anderson

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7.6 SUPPLEMENTARY AGREEMENT 1905 - 1906

Terms of Supplementary Agreement

• Brunei accepted British Resident to advise on external
and internal affairs (except matter relating to Islamic
religion)
• Sultan received annual allowance of $12 000, while
Pengiran Bendahara and Pengiran Pemancha were given
$6 000 each

1906: Brunei’s first resident – Malcolm McArthur

1 January 1984: Brunei regained full independence

OFF 11
CHAPTER 7: SUMMARY

Sultan Hashim Further loss Treaty of

1885 - 1906 of territories Protection 1888

Noel Seizure of Charles

Trevenan Limbang Brooke

Troubles in McArthur Supplementary

Belait and Report 1904 Agreement
Tutong 1895 1905 / 1906

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