Cancer PREVENTION

• “Take charge of your life and learn as much as you can

about illness.
Knowledge generates hope.”

Lance Armstrong
Winner of 6 Tour de France Titles
and Cancer Survivor

Thurs, Nov. 16- Online reading Quiz due

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4 Leading Risk Factors of Cancer

Tobacco Use
Diet and obesity
Sedentary lifestyle
Overexposure to the sun

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What is Cancer?

Definition: Diseases of malignant

Cells
Tumor: a mass of tissue that serves
no purpose.

Malignant tumor: cancerous

Benign tumor:noncancerous

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How Cancer Spreads

Metastasis: the spreading of cancer

cells
Cells break away from primary tumor and
invade surrounding tissues or travel
through the blood and lymphatic system.
Secondary tumor or metastases

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Malignant Tumors

Carcinomas - most common - Linings, tubes, cavities

and secretion glands.

Sarcomas: arise in connective and fibrous tissues. Bone,

muscle, cartilage and membranes covering muscle or fat.

Lymphomas: Cancers of the lymph nodes.

Leukemia: Cancer of the blood-forming cells in bone

marrow.

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The Incidence of Cancer

1.3 million Americans are diagnosed

yearly
More than half will be cured.
About 40% will die as a result of
cancer.
1 in 2 men and 1 in 3 women will be
develop cancer during their lifetime.

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What type of cancer has the
highest mortality rate (for
men and women)?

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The Big Four of Cancer
Highest Mortality Rate

Lung: #1 for men and women

Colon: #2 for men and women

Breast: #1 for women

Prostate: #1 for men

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Cancer Death Rates*, All Sites Combined,
All Races, US, 1975-2001
300 Rate Per 100,000
Men

250
Both Sexes
200
Women

150

100

50

0
1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001
*Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. 10
Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of Cancer
Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 2004.
 Cancer Death Rates*, for Men,
US,1930-2001
100 Rate Per 100,000
Lung & bronchus

80

60

Stomach
Prostate
40
Colon & rectum

20
Pancreas

Leukemia Liver
0
1930

1935

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000
*Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. 11
Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tapes 1960-2001, US Mortality Volumes 1930-1959,
National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004.
Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer,
By Site, Men, US, 1999-2001
Site Risk
All sites 1 in 2
Prostate 1 in 6
Lung and bronchus 1 in 13
Colon and rectum 1 in 17
Urinary bladder 1 in 28
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1 in 46
Melanoma 1 in 53
Kidney 1 in 67
Leukemia 1 in 68
Oral Cavity 1 in 73
Stomach 1 in 81
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Source: DevCan: Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version 5.2 Statistical Research and
Applications Branch, NCI, 2004. http://srab.cancer.gov/devcan
 Testicular Cancer
The Cancer Society estimates that in the year
2006 about ___________new cases of
testicular cancer will be diagnosed in the
United States.

An estimated ________ men will die of

testicular cancer in the year 2005.

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 Testicular Cancer
The Cancer Society estimates that in the year 2006 about
8,010 new cases of testicular cancer will be diagnosed in
the United States.
An estimated 390 American men will die of testicular cancer
in the year 2005.
• Testicular cancer is one of the most curable forms of cancer.
Prevention- Testicular self-exams
• Studies show that the cure rate exceeds 90% in all stages combined.
• The 5-year survival rate for stage I testicular cancer is 99%.

Lance on-Line! http://www.laf.org

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Cancer Death Rates*, for Women,
US,1930-2001
100
Rate Per 100,000

80

60

Lung & bronchus

40 Uterus
Breast

Colon & rectum

20 Stomach

Ovary
Pancreas
0
1930

1935

1940

1945

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000
*Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. 15
Source: US Mortality Public Use Data Tapes 1960-2001, US Mortality Volumes 1930-1959,
National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2004.
Lifetime Probability of Developing Cancer,
By Site, Women, US, 1999-2001
Site Risk

All sites 1 in 3
Breast 1 in 7
Lung & bronchus 1 in 18
Colon & rectum 1 in 18
Uterine corpus 1 in 38
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 1 in 56
Ovary 1 in 68
Melanoma 1 in 78
Pancreas 1 in 81
Urinary bladder 1 in 88
Uterine cervix 1 in 130
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Source:DevCan: Probability of Developing or Dying of Cancer Software, Version 5.2 Statistical Research and
Applications Branch, NCI, 2004. http://srab.cancer.gov/devcan
 Cancer Death Rates*, by Race and
Ethnicity, 1997-2001
400
Men Women
347.3
350

300
245.5
250
196.5
200 174.0
165.5 167.0
151.2
150
113.4 111.6
100.5
100

50

0
White African American Asian/Pacific Islander American Indian/ Hispanic†
Alaskan Native

*Per 100,000, age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population.

† Hispanic is not mutually exclusive from whites, African Americans, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians.
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Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of Cancer Control and
Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 2004.
Cancer Incidence Rates* by Sex and Race,
All Sites, 1975-2001
900 Rate Per 100,000

800

700 African American men

600 White men

500
White women

400
African American women
300

200

100

0
1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001
*Age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. 18
Source: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, 1975-2001, Division of Cancer Control and
Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, 2004.
Common Cancers

Skin Cancer: Most common form of cancer

Easily detected and highly curable
Exposure to ultraviolet rays during childhood
Common cause - sunburns and suntans
Types:
Basal and Squamous
Melanoma - more dangerous form
Prevention
Detection and Treatment
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Sunburn* Prevalence (%) in the Past Year,
Adults 18 and Older, US, 1999
50
44.1
45 White non-
Hispanic
40
Age-Adjusted Prevalence (%)

35.3
American
35 Indian/Alaskan
Native
30 27.4
Other
25 23.5
22.0
20 18.0
Asian/ Pacific
15 13.3 Islander
11.0
10 Black non-
5.3 5.1 Hispanic
5
0
Male Female

*Reddening of any part of the skin (regardless of size) for more than 12 hours. Source: Saraiya et al. Am J Prev
Med 2002;23(2). Note: The overall prevalence of sunburn among adult males is 39.7% and among females is
28.8%. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System CD-ROM, 1999. National Center for Disease Prevention and 20
Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000.
21
 Screening Guidelines for the Early Detection of Breast
Cancer, American Cancer Society

 Yearly mammograms are recommended starting at age 40 and

continuing for as long as a woman is in good health.

A clinical breast exam should be part of a periodic health exam

-about every three years for women in their 20s and 30s
-every year for women 40 and older.

Monthly Breast self-exams for women starting in their 20s.

Women at increased risk (e.g., family history, genetic tendency,

past breast cancer) should talk with their doctors about the benefits
and limitations of starting mammography screening earlier, having
additional tests (i.e., breast ultrasound and MRI), or having more
frequent exams.
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Foods That Contain Cancer-
Preventing Substances
Broccoli Kale
Brussels sprouts Spinach
Cabbage Apricot
Cauliflower Cantaloupe
Carrots Grapefruit
Red peppers Orange
Tomato Papaya
Sweet potato Peach
Collard greens Plum
Green Tea Watermelon

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Links to Cancer
Inactivity and Obesity

Linked to colon cancer

Benefits of Physical Activity

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Carcinogens in the Environment

Ingested Chemicals
Environmental and Industrial pollution
Radiation

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Detecting Cancer

Self Monitoring is Essential

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www.cancer.org

Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the

U.S. (after heart disease)

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Your Immune system

Think of:
► Your body as a country

► The immune system as that country's

defense forces

► Viruses, bacteria, and parasites as a

hostile, foreign army

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Prevention

Lifestyle Choices

Stress Management and your Immune

System

Early Detection
7 Cancer Warning Signs
Self Exams
Screenings

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Cancer Treatment

Get a 2nd Opinion

Do your homework! (Research viable
treatments, side effects, benefits and
risks)
# cases treated for specific cancer
Clinical Trials
www.cancer.org
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Detecting, Diagnosing and
Treating Cancer
Proven Treatments:

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Bone Marrow/Stem Cell
Transplants
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Laughter Therapy??!

Laughter is a form of internal jogging. It

moves your internal organs around. It
enhances respiration. It is an igniter of
great expectations.
Norman Cousins

Who is Norman Cousins?

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Life is what happens when you’re
making other plans.
John Lennon

Laugh loud and often

Devour your weekend.

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