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Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Psychosocial Development
During the First Three
Years

Chapter Five

Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.


I. Foundations of Psychosocial
Development
A. Emotions
1. When Do Emotions Develop?
2. How Do Infants Show Their
Emotions?
a. Crying
b. Smiling and Laughing

Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.


B. Temperament
1. Components and Patterns of
Temperament
a. Nine Components
b. Three Patterns
2. Influences on Temperament
3. Effects of Temperament on
Adjustment: “Goodness of Fit”

Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.


C. Earliest Social Experiences:
The Child in the Family
1. The Mother’s Role
2. The Father’s Role
3. How Parents Shape Gender

Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.


II. Developmental Issues in Infancy
A. Developing Trust
1. Basic Trust Versus Basic
Mistrust
2. Virtue of Hope

Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.


B. Developing Attachments
1. Stages of Attachment
2. Studying Patterns of Attachment:
The Strange Situation
3. How Attachment is Established
4. Long-Term Effects of Attachment

Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.


C. Life-Span Issue: Do Attachment
Patterns Span Generations?
1. Adult Attachment Interview
2. Three Categories of Adults
3. Intergenerational Attachment Patterns

Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.


D. Emotional Communication With
Caregivers
1. Mutual Regulation and Social
Referencing: “Reading” Signals
2. How a Mother’s Depression Affects
Mutual Regulation
E. Stranger Anxiety and Separation
Anxiety

Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.


III. Developmental Issues in
Toddlerhood
A. The Emerging Sense of Self
1. Physical Self-Recognition
2. Self-Description
3. Emotional Response to
Wrongdoing
B. Developing Autonomy
1. Autonomy Versus Shame and
Doubt
2. Virtue of Will
3. Terrible Twos
Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
C. Developing Self-Regulation
D. Internalization: Developing a
Conscience
1. Origins of Conscience
2. Effects of Parenting Styles and
Demands

Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.


IV. Contact With Other Children
A. Siblings
1. How Children React to the
Arrival of a New Baby
2. How Siblings Interact
B. Sociability With Nonsiblings

Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.


C. The Impact of Early Day Care
1. What is Good Day Care?
2. Day Care and Cognitive Development
3. Day Care and Emotional Development
4. Day Care and Social Development

Copyright © 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

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