EEE 360

Energy Conversion and

Transport
George G. Karady & Keith Holbert

Chapter 1
Power System Components (Hardware)

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 1

 Generation Video

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 2

 Substations
The substation forms a node point in the electric
network.
Substation equipment :
• Transformer to change the voltage and current level.
• Circuit breaker (CB) to interrupt the load and fault current. The fault
current automatically triggers the CB.
• Disconnect switch to provide visible circuit separation. Permit CB
maintenance. No load operation.
• Voltage and current transformers to reduce the current to 5 A, and
the voltage to 120 V, and to insulate the measuring circuit from the
high voltage.
• Surge arresters for protection against lightning and switching
overvoltages. They are voltage dependent, non linear resistance.

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 3

 Fig 1.29 Arial View of a Substations

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 4

 Fig 1.39 Substation Circuit Diagram
Supply S Transmission
T1
line

Bus 1

Disconnect
CBA 4 CBA 1 switch

Current
transformer
Circuit breaker
CBA 5 CBA 2
assembly
Voltage Circuit
transformer breaker

CBA 6 CBA 3 Disconnect

switch
Circuit breaker
Bus 2 assembly (CBA)

Grounding disconnect
switch

Surge arrester
T3 T2
Transmission lines

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 5

 Transformer Surge
arrester

Transformer

Cooling
fan

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 6

 Fig 1.31 Circuit Breaker Concept
Fixed contact
Moving
contact

Switch Closed

Moving Arc Fixed contact

contact

SF6 injection

Switch Opens

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 7

 Fig 1.32 SF6 Circuit Breaker

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 8

 Fig 1.33 69 kV substation

Bus bar

Current CT
Disconnect Circuit Disconnect
breaker

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 9

 Fig 1.34 500 kV Circuit breaker

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 10

 Fig 1.35 Disconnect Switch

Open
Open

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 11

 Fig 1.36 Surge Arrester

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 12

 Shunt reactor protected by Lightning Arrester

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 13

 Distribution System

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 14

 Transmission Lines
Distribution line (4.2-45 kV)

Typical distribution line

• Wood tower with cross arm. The
wood is treated against rotting.
(creosote).
• Simple concrete block foundation or
no foundation.
• Small porcelain or plastic post
insulators.
• The insulators shaft is grounded on
important lines to eliminate leakage
current causing wood tower burning.
• Simple rod grounding.
• Shield conductor is seldom used.

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 15

 Fig 1.40 Radial Distribution
system
Sub-transmission Line

Re-closing
Circuit Breaker

Feeder 1 Feeder 4

Neutral
Feeder 3
Feeder 2

Single-phase
Radial Feeder

Single-phase
Radial Feeder Fuse

Distribution
(Step-down)
Transfomer
}

To Consumer
Service Drop
Three-phase Four-wire
Main Feeder

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 16

 Line Fig 1.41 Cable
and transmission
line junction

Fuse cutout

Surge
arrester

Cables

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 17

 12.47 kV
Line
Fuse
cutout
Surge
Fig 1.42
arrester
Consumer
Service Drop
Transformer

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 18

 Sub-transmission and Distribution line

Fuse and disconnector

Distribution line 13.8 kV

Distribution Cable 13.8 kV

Transformer
Telephone line

240/120V line

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 19

 Fig 1.43
Residential
transformer

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 20

 Fig 1.44 Residential connection
Primary feeder
12.47 kV

Circuit Neutral wire

Service drop breaker insulated
transformer

120 V Lighting

120 V Lighting

kW and kWh
240 V
meter
Appliances

Ground wire
Service panel (bare)

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 21

 Fig 1.45
Residential Meter

11/9/2018 360 Topic 1, Components.ppt 22