Immune Response in Degenerative Disease:

Tumor Immunology

marshnes@ugm.ac.id
 Introduction
 Innate-and adaptive immunity
against tumor
 Tumor cell evasion of the Immune
responses
 Principles in Immunotherapy
 Concluding Remarks
Introduction
 Evidence of Immune Reaction
on Tumor Growth
 Contain lymphoid infiltrates, some
indicate crucial sign
 Occur more frequently in the certain
period of life, when the immune
functions less effectively
 Arise frequently in immune
suppressed individuals
 Spontaneous regression occurs
 Studies on Tumor Immunity
 Data are mostly from animal models
 Immune responses may be most
important to prevent the
growth/spread of viral-induced than
non viral-induced tumors

immunosurveillance
 Evidence: oncogenic virus induction

 Nude/athymic mouse
• Less tumor frequency occurs,
except to those with viral infection
• Methyl cholanthrene (MC)-induced
SCID mouse and MC-induced
control  no difference in tumor
incidence; differ in immunogenicity
Innate-and Adaptive Immunity
against Tumor
 Transformed (tumor) cells


 activate innate immune

cells

stimulate adaptive cellular

responses

• Players in the innate

domain
 NK & NKT cells, APC: DC,
Mj
• Players in the adaptive
domain
 T cells: CTL/Tc
 Antibodies (evidence?)
Interplay of the innate and adaptive
immune cells

Biewenga, 2008
Cytokine-induced immune
reactions
 How they recognize tumor?:
NK cells vs CTL / Tc

 NK/NKT cells
• Pattern recognition receptors
 CTL/Tc
• Via TcR, cognate interaction with MHC
expression on APC, highly specific
Figure 2-50 Mechanisms by
which NK cells
distinguish
infected from
healthy-
uninfected cells

Notice, the presence

or absence of MHC
class I expression
 Figure 14-16

Tumors that lose

MHC class I
expression 
escape from
immune
surveillance, but
susceptible to NK
cell killing

NK cell Leukemia cell

Biewenga, 2008
Biewenga, 2008
Candidate tumor rejection antigens by CTL
Figure 14-11 part 1 of 2
Candidate tumor rejection antigens by
CTLFigure
(contn’d)14-11 part 2 of 2
Activation of CD4+ T cells
Activation of CD8+ T cells

Biewenga, 2008
Evade mechanisms of tumor cells
 Mechanisms by which tumors
escape immune recognition
 Low immunogenicity
• no peptide, -MHC expression, -co-
stimulatory molecules
 Induce immune tolerance
• absence of co-stimulatory signals
 Antigenic modulation
• antigen-loss variants
 Immune suppression
• exp. TGF-b secretion
 Privilege site
• create physical barrier
T cells Figure
(CTL, Th1) attack
14-14

Physical
barrier
endocytosis

Tumor cell

Privilege site
 (Basic principles)
 Concluding Remarks
 Both the innate and adaptive immune
responses play a crucial role in tumor
immunity, in particular cell-mediated
immune reactions
 The growth and development of
tumors are depending upon their
successful evasion against immune
recognition
 Immunologic-based therapy against
tumors is being underway, such as
enhancing the specific cell-mediated
immune responses, and passive or
active immunization
Thank so much..