Module: 3

Fibre Rope, Knots & Hitches

Objectives:
1. Identify examples of fibre rope.

2. List characteristics of various fibre

ropes.

3. Identify signs of wear and

damage.

4. Calculate Working Load Limit or

Rated Capacity.

5. Demonstrate tying of knots and

hitches.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 1
 Can you name the type of rope?

Manila

 Lower Strength than synthetic rope

 Subject to rot and mildew

Polypropylene
 Ability to float
 Lower strength than nylon
 Resistance to rot/mildew
 Poor conductor of electricity
Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 2
 Characteristics

Nylon

 High breaking strength

 Ability to absorb shock load
 Excellent flexibility
 Resistance to rot

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 3
Inspect for:
1. Exterior broken strands
2. Cuts
3. Abrasion
4. Reduction in diameter
5. Unlaying
6. Wear on the interior of the rope.This will result in a powder-like dust.

Click for more….

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 4
 Inspect for:

7. Splices properly serged and taped

8. Thimbles fitted tightly in the splice
9. UV Damage – primarily polypropylene
10. Damage from acid
 Manila forms brown spots
 Polypropylene becomes brittle
 Nylon will disintegrate

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 5
 Terminology
All of these replace the term: SAFE WORKING LOAD

 Working Load Limit (W.L.L.) Used by synthetic sling

& hardware manufacturers

 Rated Capacity Standard used by wire rope

& chain hoist manufacturers
and
Health and safety
 Rated Load regulations

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 6
 Terminology continued

W.L.L. = Working Load Limit

D.F. = Design (Safety) Factor
B.S. = Breaking Strength

Breaking Strength = Working load Limit

Design Factor (or Rated Capacity)

B.S. 10,000 lb. = 2,000 lb. W.L.L.

D.F. 5

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 7
 Field Calculation:

Manila Rope (x 20 ) - Examples

 1/2” manila rope = 4/8” diameter (cancel the 8)

W.L.L. = 4 x 4 x 20 = 320 lb.

 5/8” manila rope = 5/8” diameter (cancel the 8)

W.L.L. = 5 x 5 x 20 = 500 lb.

 1” manila rope = 8/8” diameter (cancel the 8)

W.L.L. = 8 x 8 x 20 = 1,280 lb.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 8
 Field Calculation:

Polypropylene Rope (x 40 ) - Example

1/2” Polypropylene rope = 4/8” diameter (cancel the 8)

W.L.L. = 4 x 4 x 40 = 640 lb.

Nylon Rope (x 60 ) - Example

 1/2” nylon rope = 4/8” diameter (cancel the 8)

W.L.L. = 4 x 4 x 60 = 960 lb.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 9
 Rope Parts Knot Elements

Bight Bight Overhand

Running end loop

Whipping Underhand
Running
loop
end
Round turn Turn

Standing Standing part

part

Rope or line

Note: A knot in a rope may reduce its capacity by up to 50%.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

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 Figure Eight

To prevent rope from slipping

through blocks.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

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(c) 2006 CSAO 11
 Reef or Square Knot

Used for joining two pieces of twine or small rope of the same diameter.
A dangerous knot since it may come undone when either free end is jerked.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 12
 Clove Hitch

Insert graphic

Used to fasten rope around a post or pipe.

Tends to slip. More secure when followed
with 2 half hitches.
Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.
Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 13
 Two Half Hitches

Tying off a rope under

tension. Some other
knots are made more
secure by adding half
hitches.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 14
 Round Turn & 2 Half Hitches

One full wrap of the rope around

the object and follow with 2 half
hitches. 360 degree contact
between rope and object provides
secure grip.

Used to secure a rope to a

column or post.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 15
 Pipe Hitch
Three full wraps of the
rope around the object
followed by 2 half
hitches. Will withstand
heavy strains without
slipping.

Used to hoist pipe or

conduit.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 16
 Timber Hitch & half hitch
Step 1. Step 2.

Used for towing or

hoisting poles, pipes or
conduits.
Jam-proof. Unties
easily when pull
ceases. Loosens when
strain is relieved.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

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(c) 2006 CSAO 17
 Bowline
Used to create a
secure loop in a
rope.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

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(c) 2006 CSAO 18
 Double Bowline

Creates two
adjustable loops.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

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(c) 2006 CSAO 19
 (Rescue) or Triple Bowline

Effective for lifting injured persons. Has 3 loops, 1 to

support under the arms and 1 for each leg.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 20
Bowline on the Bight
Used to tie a bowline in the
middle of a line or to make a
set of double leg spreaders.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 21
 Single Sheet Bend

Used to join a light and

medium rope together.
On larger ropes, use a
‘Carrick Bend’

Double Sheet Bend

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 22
 Catspaw

Insert graphic

Can be tied at any point in a rope. Used for

securing a rope to a hook.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

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(c) 2006 CSAO 23
 Carrick Bend

Used to tie larger ropes together.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 24
 Sheepshank

Used to shorten ropes which

will require their original
length again. For temporary
use only. Fairly reliable under
steady pull.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 25
 Becket Hitch

Creates a loop near the

running end of the rope.
Originally used to tie
the ‘dead end’ of a
rope to the ‘Becket’ of
a multi-part fibre rope
Fall.

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

Mrb/CUPE 3585
(c) 2006 CSAO 26
 Hoisting and Rigging – Basic Safety Training

Hoisting and Rigging Safety Training Mod.3.

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(c) 2006 CSAO 27