Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1. AIM
2.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3. CERTIFICATE
4. INTRODUCTION
5. MATERIALS REQUIRED
6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
7. WORKING
8. BIBLOGRAPHY
AIM
_________________________
Teacher’s Signature
Introduction
1. Connecting wires
2. A plug
3. Single lead wire - 2m
4. 3 nuts & Bolts 2 to 3cm length
5. Circuit board
6. A Transformer
7. A capacitor
8. A Resistor (1 K Ω )
9. P-N junction diodes
10. A LED
11.Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax,
soldering lead, soldering iron
&sand paper
Circuit Diagram
Connection details:
Connections are done as in the circuit.
The A.C. supply is given to both the
input wires of the transformer and the
two ends of the secondary coil is given
to the P side of the two diodes and the
N side of the diodes are twined and
then connected to one end of the
capacitor and the other end to the
center tap lead and to the resistor.
Further, the other end of capacitor with
the diode connect ion is connected to
the other end of the resistor. Connect 2
leads on both the ends of the resistor to
measure the output and this is
connected to the +ve & -ve terminals of
the bulb.
Working
1st when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps down the
230V main supply to 6 volts. It has a capability of delivering a
current of 500mA. The 6 volts A.C. appearing across the
secondary is the RMS value and the peak value is 8.4 volts. During
the 1st half cycle of the A.C. input Diode D1 is forward biased
and a current ‘I’ flows in the circuit in the direction S 1D1 ABEOS1.
During this time diode D2 is reverse biased. So it does not
conduct any electric current. During the next half cycle, the
diodeD2 is forward and D1 is reversed. Hence D2 conducts
current in the direction S2D2 ABEOS2and D1 does not conduct
any current. In subsequent half cycles of the A.C current the
above processes are repeated.
In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows
through the resistor in only one direction ABE. Even though
the voltage across RL is unidirectional it will still contain a few
A.C components.This is filtered and made smooth using a
capacitor, which filters 99% of the A.C current. A resistor is
then used to adjust the output voltage. Capacitor also nearly
filters all A.C components from the supply and resistance is
adjusted for the required output. As this is a simple circuit,
only one capacitor and a resistance are being used. But there
will be slight factor of A.C. current still left in the output but it
is negligible. The output Direct Current and voltage lightup
the LED.
Bibliography
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