Effective Business

Communication Skills
(Oral and Written)
(A Sure Step to the Next Level)
INVOCATION
Prayer for Wisdom & Discernment

Grant me, O Lord,

To know what is worth knowing,
To love what is worth loving,
To praise what delights you most,
To value what is precious in your sight…
Do not let me judge by what I see,
Nor pass sentence according to what I hear,
But to judge rightly between things that differ,
Above all…
To search out, and to do what pleases you.
Through Jesus Christ our Lord.
Amen.
WELCOME and OPENING REMARKS
Rationale
Effective Communication
• is essential and beneficial to any organization
• lessens the time for clarifying the message
• promotes better human relations in the
workplace.
• Increases production “An investment in
knowledge always
pays the best
interest.”
--Benjamin Franklin
General Objectives

• help the participants learn and

apply the fundamental BUSINESS
COMMUNICATION TOOLS and
TECHNIQUES

• develop competencies in
composing EFFECTIVE BUSINESS
COMMUNCATION both in oral and
written.
Specific Objectives:
At the end of the course, the participants should be able to:

• Identify and correct the common errors in business

communication.
• Organize and compose different types of business
correspondence following the standards and principles of
effective business communication.
• Present ideas more systematically and clearly.
• Review grammar.
• Be competent and confident in oral and written
communication.
Resource Speaker
Vida Gracia V.
Cagurangan
• Stay in the session room
• Put cell phones in silent mode
• Participate
• Exercise respect and
appreciation
• Learn
• Enjoy
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
A MUST IN AN ORGANIZATION
Communication
• The process of sharing ideas, information, and
messages with others in a particular time and place.

• The exchange of thoughts and ideas with the intention of

conveying information

• A two way street that includes vocalization as well as

gesticulation (sign, signal, gesture, wave, motion,
movement )
Types of Communication
• Verbal Communication
• Nonverbal Communication
• Visual Communication
• Written communication
 Different Forms of
Business Communication
Internal Communication External Communication
• Business Letters • Advertisements
• Memos • Letters
• Presentations • Declarations
• Notices • Press Releases
• Agenda • Campaigns
• Letters • Annual General Meetings
• Announcements • Meetings
• Meetings • Publications
• Feedback • Researched Articles for Journal
• Policies • Addressing to the Public at Large
• Group Discussions • Manuals and Notices
Importance of Communication
in an Organization
• promotes motivation
• source of information
• altering individual’s attitudes
• helps in socializing
• controlling process
Importance of Communication in Business
Organization
The need for communication and the ability to
communicate helps in
• developing efficient management
• developing organizational skills
• laying down plans
• establishing a healthy work culture
• resolving impending issues
Importance of Communication in Business
Organization
Lack of communication in relationships results in
• frustrations
• misunderstandings
• unrealistic expectations
• guilt
• creation of personal differences
Communication Styles in Format
Formal
• A presentation or written piece
that strictly adheres to rules,
conventions, and ceremony, and
is free of colloquial expressions
Informal
• A casual form of information
sharing typically used in
personal conversations with
friends or family members.
Within a business environment,
informal communication:

• is sometimes called the grapevine

• might be observed occurring in

conversations, electronic mails, text
messages and phone calls between
socializing employees
There are 3 types:

• downward
(flowing from upper management
down to subordinates)
• upward
(flowing from employees to upper
level management)
• horizontal
(flowing across peers within the
group or organization)
Basic Communication Process
Basic Communication Process

Transmitting
Forming the
Encoding the the message Receiving the Decoding the
idea to be
idea through a message message
communicated
medium
ENHANCING LANGUAGE SKILLS
Why Language Proficiency is Essential in
Business Communications
• Communications are EXTENSIONS OF
THE INDIVIDUAL or group
(government, business, education,
industry).

• Your GRAMMAR TELLS a great deal

about you.

• SPELLING ERRORS spoil an effective

message
Why Language Proficiency is Essential in
Business Communications
• PROPER PUNCTUATION tells the
reader when to slow down, when to
speed ahead.

• IMPROPER SYLLABICATION damages

your image and sometimes makes it
more difficult for reader to recognize
a word.

• There is no excuse for MESSY

MESSAGE.
PRE-TEST
Instructions:
Supply the appropriate part of speech as indicated in the
parentheses to complete the paragraph below.

As soon as (noun) got home, he called his (noun) and

(noun). He told (pronoun) that he will (verb) them a surprise.
He (adverb) (verb) something (preposition) a (adjective) bag
(conjunction) showed (pronoun) (preposition) them.
“(interjection), what a (adjective) bird!” They both (verb).
“Where did (pronoun) (verb) it?” I bought it (preposition) the
pet (noun) near (pronoun) school. “(interjection), I want
(preposition) have a bird like that, too! Let (pronoun) go to
that store (conjunction) (verb) a bird.” (noun) nodded, so
(pronoun) all (adverb) (verb) to the (noun) to (verb) a
(adjective) bird.
Instructions:
Underline the correct answer.

1. I demand an answer (by, from) you

at once.
2. Our lessons give us much to think
(about, through).
3. The nurse injected (anesthesia,
anesthetics) to the patient.
4. They decided to schedule the
operation (in, on) December.
5. Henry works (for, from) high
grades.
Instructions:
Underline the correct answer

6. All the doctors will meet (at, in)

Robinsons Galleria.
7. He sells goods (in, at) a low
price.
8. Do you have an (elicit, illicit)
love affair?
9. He easily (adopted, adapted)
to his new environment.
10.We ran out (from, of) paper
and had to buy more.
Instructions:
Underline the correct answer

11.(It’s, Its) a great day for a picnic!

12.The students (is, are) excitedly
planning for their grand ball.
13.Try to learn that poem (at, by) heart.
14.The express train (passes, pass) to
many towns at which it does not
stop.
15.She is very popular (among,
between) the other girls.
Grammar
A combination of the eight parts of speech:
• nouns
• pronouns
• adjectives building blocks
• verbs used to
• adverbs construct
• prepositions sentences
• conjunctions
• interjections
Rules on Subject-Verb Agreement

• Verb is in agreement with subject in number.

listens
The participant (listen, listens) attentively.
listen
The participants (listen, listens) attentively.

• The number of the subject is not changed by a

prepositional phrase following the subject.
helps
A knowledge of rules (help, helps) you use
English correctly
• Indefinite pronouns (each, either, neither, one,
everyone, everybody, no one, nobody,
anyone, anybody, someone, somebody) take
singular verb.
Each (was,waswere) sure he would bring in
more sales.
• The following common words are plural:
several, few, both, many

say
Several of the memos (say, says) nothing.
• Don’t and doesn’t must agree with their subjects.
I ( don’t, doesn’t ) know him
don’t
You (don’t, doesn’t ) mean that.
don’t
doesn’t
He ( don’t, doesn’t ) eat vegetables.
It (don’t, doesn’t ) really matter.
doesn’t
• Most of compound subjects joined by and are
plural and take a plural verb.
are good friends.
– Katrina and Hayden (is,are)
were
– My laptop and ipod (was,were) in his locker.
plans
– The secretary and treasurer (plan, plans) to
resign.
plan
– The secretary and the treasurer (plan, plans)
to resign.
Subjects joined by or or nor.

Henry or Carl (is,isare) going to Cebu.

Neither the living room nor the bedroom
was
(was, were) redecorated.
Either Kate or her brothers (was,were
were) to
entertain the guests.
• Collective nouns (team, orchestra) usually take
singular verbs (and are referred to by singular
pronouns); but they take plural verbs when the
individuals of the group are regarded separately.

issues
The committee (issue, issues) a monthly report.
have
The team (has have) been unable to agree on a
leader.
•When the subject follows the verb,
take special care to determine the
subject and to make sure that the
verb and subject agree.

There (was, were) arguments after

were
the last committee meeting

Here (is,isare) my suggestion.

Where (is,are
are) the employees now?
•A title of a book or a word used in a special sense
takes singular verb.

Ex. How to Communicate in Business (was,

waswere)
written by Mabel Sanchez several years ago.
Verb Tenses

The property of a verb that

indicate the time in which
the action described by
the verb takes place.
Three simple tenses are:
Present: I write a letter

Past: I wrote a letter

Future: I will/ shall write a letter

Three perfect tenses are formed by adding
the auxiliary have o had:
Present perfect I have written a letter

Past perfect I had written a letter

Future perfect I will/ shall have written a

letter
 To suggest ongoing action,
the perfect participle (present + -ing)
is used to create a progressive form.
Present progressive I am writing a letter.

Past progressive I was writing a letter.

Future progressive I will/ shall be writing a letter.

Present perfect progressive I have been writing a letter.

Past perfect progressive I had been writing a letter.

Future perfect progressive I will have been writing a

letter.
Correct Use of Prepositions

• A preposition shows the • Preposition of Time [at,

relation of a noun or on, and in; for and since]
pronoun to another. • Preposition of Place [at,
on, and in]
• Idioms and Prepositional
Phrases
Preposition of Time
[at, on, and in; for and since]
We use at to indicate specific times.
Ex. The bus leaves at 5:30 p.m.

We use on to indicate days and dates

Ex. George is arriving on Thursday.
They will use the fireworks on January 1.

We use in to indicate non-specific times.

Ex. She likes to eat ham and egg in the morning.
The manager will call a meeting in January.
Preposition of Time
[at, on, and in; for and since]

We use for to measure time (seconds, minutes, hours,

days, months, years)
Ex. She has lived there for twenty-five years.

We use since with a specific date or time.

Ex. The pregnant woman has been waiting in the
delivery room since 12:30 a.m.
Preposition of Place
[at, on, and in]
We use at to indicate specific address
Ex. The President of the company lives
at 123 Fourth St., Diliman, Q.C.

We use on to indicate names of streets, avenues, etc.

Ex. Mary’s school is on Rizal Avenue.

We use in to indicate the names of cities, provinces,

countries and continents
Ex. George bought the perfume in France.
Idioms and Prepositional Phrases
agree to a proposal or something
Ex. I agree to what you just said
agree with a person
Ex. I agree with you.
in behalf of for the benefit of; in the interest of
Ex. The fundraising is in behalf of the needy.
on behalf of representing; on the part of
Ex. On behalf of my wife, let me accept the gift.
compare to something
Ex. George’s love to Cecile was compared to
Mt. Everest.
 compare with a person
Ex. Marian is always compared with Angel.

cope with to survive; to get by or manage

Ex. Filipinos do their best to cope with poverty.

depend on to rely on
Ex. You need a friend that you can depend on.

differ in disagree in opinion

Ex. Ms. P and Ms. Moody differ in taste for
clothes.

differ with disagree with person

Ex. Filipinos differ with each other in political
opinion.
fill in answer; to supply with answers; be a substitute
Ex. Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

fill up to put something (container); fill completely

Ex. Please fill up my glass with water.

fill out supply what is needed in forms

Ex. You have to fill out the application form for
the job interview.
with regard About; regarding; an aspect to be considered
as regards Ex. I have some questions with regard to the
in regard correct use of the preposition.

As regards to the questions, it would be best to

ask the authority.

In regard to the increase in sale, I congratulate

everyone.
LET’S TAKE
A CLOSER LOOK…
POST-TEST
Part 1: Subject-Verb Agreement

Directions: Underline the correct answer among the choices given.

1. There (is, are) many ways to achieve your dream.

2. Both patience and hard work (is, are) necessary to succeed in life.
3. Procrastination, together with pessimism, (prevent, prevents) a person to become an
achiever.
4. Education is a one of those elements which (contribute, contributes) to achieving what
you want in life.
5. Sometimes you will fail, but success (isn’t, aren’t) possible without risk.
6. A list of successful people and their contributions (was, were) published.
7. One of these successful people (don’t, doesn’t) let anybody (drag, drags) him down.
8. All of these achievers never (give, gives) up, though failures (get, gets) in their way.
9. Focus, flexibility, motivation, and responsibility (is, are) all necessary to reach one’s
goal.
10. Neither a loser nor a sucker (finish, finishes) a thing.
11. (Are, Is) there anything a dreamer won’t do to fulfill his ambition?
12. Not a million pesos (equal, equals) a successful person’s happiness.
13. Millions of pesos (don’t, doesn’t) necessarily make a person very happy and contented.
14. Very few (seem, seems) to be aware that success (is, are) in their hands and doings.
15. (Has, Have) you thought why many Filipinos are poor?
16. (Has, Have) your seatmate taken the first step to reach his goal in life?
17. Nobody, except you, (is, are) responsible for your own successes in life.
18. A number of ambitious men and women (is, are) on their way up to the ladder of
success.
19. Each member of my family (know, knows) what he wants in life.
20. My family (has, have) been working very hard to get what each of them wants.
Part 2: Prepositions

Directions: Complete these sentences with the correct word from the column on the right. Underline
your answers.

1. I take delight _____ walking along the shore. at, from, in, of
2. Good nurses are _____ demand now. at, in, on, under
3. The amount you have to pay depends _____ how long they’ve worked for you. at, from,
on, in
4. Who’s _____ (1) charge _____(2) this office while the manager is away? (1) at, for, in, on
(2) by, from, of, with
5. When Pablo lost his ticket, he was _____ despair. at, in, on, under
6. Unless you really devote yourself _____ your studies, you won’t pass your examinations.
at, into, onto, to
7. Japanese books differ _____ ours in that they start at the other end. at, from, to, with
8. Start now, and if you find yourself _____ difficulties, I’ll help. at, for, in, on
9. Can you distinguish _____ the French and the Italian flags? among, between, from, under
10. Rey is _____ doubt the cleverest student in the school. out of, outside, over, without
11. I’m sure that Bog’s cough is due _____ smoking. at, from, of, to
12. After winning our last match, we’re eager _____ the next one . at, for, of, to
13. Well, now that you’ve learned the rules of the game, we can start playing _____ earnest.
at, in, on, with
14. I always feel _____ ease with Ely. at, in, on, with
15. When does the new law come _____ effect? at, in, into, on,
16. Icaatar was born _____ midsummer’s Night. at, by, on, under
17. You can take many different courses – art and design, ____ example . at, by, for, with
18. You can have my bicycle _____ (1) exchange ____(2) your carpet. (1) at, in, on, with
(2) for, of, off, out of
Constructing Sentences

Sentence
• a group of words or a single word that
EXPRESSES A COMPLETE THOUGHT, feeling, or idea.

• It usually contains an explicit or implied

SUBJECT and a PREDICATE containing a finite verb
Sentence Types by Function
• declarative sentence
Ex. Kevin writes the report.

• imperative sentence
Ex. Write the report, Kevin.
Kevin, would you please write the report.

• interrogative sentence
Ex. Is Kevin writing the report?

• exclamatory sentence
Ex. I can’t believe Kevin is writing the report!
Sentence Types by Structure

• simple sentence
• compound sentence
• complex sentence
• compound-complex sentence
simple sentence

• has one main clause and • Please read

no subordinate clauses. thoroughly the
enclosed brochures.

• It will answer any

questions you may
have.
compound sentence
• has two or more main • George wants to begin the
clause but no subordinate meeting, and Gina is waiting at
clauses the conference room.

• The department has already

received our request but it
would take sometime for them
to respond to it.
complex sentence

• has one main clause and After I came home, I made dinner.
one or more subordinate • (dependent clause: "After I
clauses came home")
• (independent clause: I made
dinner)

We visited the museum before it

closed.
• (dependent clause: before it
closed.)
• (independent clause: We
visited the museum)
compound-complex sentence

• contains two or more We decided that the movie was too

violent, but our children, who like
main clauses and one or to watch scary movies, thought
more subordinates. that we were wrong.

independent clause: "We decided that

the movie was too violent"

independent clause: "(but) our

children thought that we were
wrong"

dependent clause: who like to watch

scary movies
Developing Paragraphs

Paragraphs A paragraph may be

• a piece of writing that developed by specific
consists of one or details –facts,
more sentences, examples, incidents,
• begins on a new and etc. – which support
often indented line, the topic sentence
and
• contains a distinct idea
or the words of one
speaker
Developing Paragraphs
• Use EXAMPLE to develop a paragraph.
• Use INCIDENTS from your experience to
develop a paragraph
• A paragraph could be improved by listing some
SPECIFIC EXAMPLES after the second sentence,
and by using a separate paragraph to explain
the third sentence.
• In writing paragraph, you need to BRIDGE THE
GAPS BETWEEN SENTENCES so that your
paragraph will read smoothly.
• Use CONNECTIVES such as: first, second, third,
finally, at the same time, in this connection,
similarly, likewise, therefore, for this purpose,
however.
Use Linking Expressions
therefore on the other hand in the next place
thus after all next
consequently such meanwhile
as a result instead soon
accordingly furthermore later
similarly moreover finally
likewise in fact in spite of this
besides for instance also
nevertheless an example of this in addition
however at first in other words
on the contrary at last then
SYNTHESIS
swimming
naked
coffee
pool
man
standing
sipping
old
window
lady
saw
The old man standing by the
window sipping coffee, saw a
naked lady swimming in the pool.
comment
secretary
boss
embarrassing
shy
made
blush
pretty
angry
The embarrassing comment of the angry
boss made the shy but pretty secretary
blush.
company
can
production
employees
between
among
high
harmonious
achieve
relationship
A company can achieve high production
through a harmonious relationship
between and among employees.
chance
can
clients
ventilate
annoyed
politely
pacify
giving
emotions
You can politely pacify annoyed clients by
giving them a chance to ventilate their
emotions.
careful
achieved
comprehensive
business
concise
be
clear
letters
planning
can
Clear, comprehensive and concise
business letters can be achieved through
careful planning.
Word Power
Techniques in building one’s
vocabulary:
• Read and listen to challenging
materials
• Make extensive use of the
dictionary and thesaurus
• Write down words you
encounter in your reading and
can’t be defined
• Find the meaning of the
word; use it in a sentence,
then repeat the word, its
meaning and the sentence you
constructed using the words.
• Take note of the word in
context
Word Power

• Ask for the meaning of • Understand prefixes and

the word used by another suffixes
person.
• Play with word games
• Learn manageable (scrabble, boggle,
number of words from crossword puzzle), it can
time to time be fun

• Learn the roots of the

words
UNRAVEL THE SECRET WORD
cuxdele
exclude
opecemrhnivse
comprehensive
exact
xceta
uputot
output
imystipcli
simplicity
revision
eirsvoin
Punctuation Marks

• a symbol used to
organize and clarify the
meaning of writing.

• the marks used to clarify

meaning by indicating
separation of words into
sentences and clauses
and phrases
ampersand
- (&) used to represent conjunction (and)

apostrophe
- (') used to indicate the omission of one or more letters from
a printed word
brace
- either of two punctuation marks ({ or }) used to enclose
textual material

square bracket, bracket

- either of two punctuation marks ([ or ]) used to enclose
textual material

angle bracket, bracket

- either of two punctuation marks (`<' or `>') used in
computer programming and sometimes used to enclose
textual material
colon
- (:) used after a word introducing a series or an example or an
explanation (or after the salutation of a business letter)

comma
- (,) used to indicate the separation of elements within the grammatical
structure of a sentence

exclamation mark, exclamation point

- (!) used after an exclamation

hyphen, dash
- (-) used between parts of a compound word or between the syllables
of a word when the word is divided at the end of a line of text

parenthesis
- either of two punctuation marks (or) used to enclose textual material
full point, full stop, period, stop, point
- (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop
or after abbreviations; "in England they call a period a stop"

interrogation point, question mark

- (?) placed at the end of a sentence to indicate a question

inverted comma, quotation mark, quote

- used to attribute the enclosed text to someone else

semicolon
- (`;') used to connect independent clauses; indicates a closer relation
than does a period

separatrix, virgule, solidus, slash, diagonal, stroke

- (/) used to separate related items of information

swung dash
- used in text to indicate the omission of a word
Spelling: Top Four Spelling Rules
1. Using I Before E
Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded as "a" as in
"neighbor" and "weigh."
EXAMPLES:
believe, chief, piece, and thief;
deceive, receive, weigh, and freight
COMMON EXCEPTIONS:
efficient, weird, height, neither,
ancient, caffeine, foreign
Spelling: Top Four Spelling Rules
2. Dropping the Final E
Drop the final e before a suffix beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, o, u)
but not before a suffix beginning with a consonant.

EXAMPLES:
ride + ing = riding
guide + ance = guidance
hope + ing = hoping
entire + ly = entirely
like + ness = likeness
arrange + ment = arrangement
COMMON EXCEPTIONS: truly, noticeable
Spelling: Top Four Spelling Rules
3. Changing a Final Y to I
Change a final y to i before a suffix, unless the suffix begins with i.

EXAMPLES:
defy + ance = defiance
party + es = parties
pity + ful = pitiful
try + es = tries
try + ing = trying
copy + ing = copying
occupy + ing = occupying
COMMON EXCEPTIONS: journeying, memorize
Spelling: Top Four Spelling Rules
4. Doubling a Final Consonant
Double a final single consonant before a suffix beginning with a
vowel when both of these conditions exist:
(a) a single vowel precedes the consonant;
(b) the consonant ends an accented syllable or a one-syllable word.
EXAMPLES:
stop + ing = stopping
admit + ed = admitted
occur + ence = occurrence
stoop + ing = stooping
benefit + ed = benefited
delight + ful = delightful
Capitalization
Rules on Capitalization Examples
Capitalize:
the pronoun I Jennifer and I went to the
movies yesterday
the first letter of the first word of each Learning to capitalize correctly
sentence will improve your writing.
the first letter of names of people, Juan went on a trip to Tokyo,
organizations, and places Japan for his company, General
Motors Corporation.
the first letter of adjectives that are I like Mexican food.
made from the names of people and
places
Initials My brother's favorite author is
H.G. Wells
Capitalization
the first letter of directions only when
they are used to designate actual
places, not when they point in a
direction.
the first letter of the names of months
and the days of the week.
the official title of a person (including
abbreviations), but only when you
use it with the person's name.
words used as names or parts of
names.
the first letter of important words in a
title of a book, magazine, story,
essay, etc.
When we visited the Southwest,
we actually had to drive north.
My birthday will be on a Friday
next June.
Did Clarissa recommend Dr.
Montoya to you?
Did Uncle George call my mom
to tell her our grandmother is
with Dad?
I enjoyed Mark's essay, "The
Truth About Being a Good
Student."
Capitalization
historical events and documents The Emancipation Proclamation
was issued during the Civil War

the name of languages, races, I learned in Spanish class that

nationalities, and religions several Hispanics are Catholic.

acronyms. (An acronym is a word CARE is the Cooperative for

formed by the first, or first few, letters American Relief Everywhere.
of words in a long name of an
organization.)

initialisms. (An initialism is similar to The Central Intelligence Agency

acronym, but a word is not formed is simply known as the CIA.
from the letters.)
Abbreviations
• an abbreviation is a shortened
form of a word or phrase that is
used to save space in written
documents.

• Although they are used most

often in technical writing, they
can also be used in many
aspects of business writing.
5 Basic Rules for Using Abbreviations
1. When in doubt, spell it out.

2. Check a dictionary for the correct and

acceptable format of any abbreviations to be
used.

3. Writers must learn to be consistent within a

body of work.

4. When the choice exists between an

abbreviation and a contraction, a writer should
be instructed to use the abbreviated format of
the word at all times.

5. When an abbreviation is only one or two

keystrokes shorter than the full word the word
should not be abbreviated.
Writing Numbers and Numerals

• How do you express

numbers in your writing?

• When do you use figures

(digits) and when do you
write out the number in
words (letters)?

• That is, when do you

write 9 and when do you
write nine?
10 Rules for Writing
Numbers and Numerals
1. Number versus numeral.
number = abstract concept while a
numeral = symbol used to express that number
2. Spell small numbers out.
one, two, …ten
3. No other standard rule:
write out twelve or twenty. But not 24.
4. Using the comma to make large numbers easier to read.
comma as a thousands separator
period as a decimal separator
5. Don’t start a sentence with a numeral.
Make it “Fourscore and seven years ago,” not “4 score and 7
years ago.”
10 Rules for Writing
Numbers and Numerals
6. Centuries and decades should be spelled out.
Use the Eighties or nineteenth century.
7. Percentages and recipes.
everyday writing = “4% of the children”
or “Add 2 cups of brown rice.”
formal writing= “12 percent of the players”
or “twelve percent of the players,”
8. If the number is rounded or estimated, spell it out.
400 million vs. 400,000,000
9. Two numbers next to each other.
“7 13-year-olds” (confusing) = “seven 13-year-olds” (better)
10. Ordinal numbers and consistency.
He was my 1st true love,” but rather “He was my first true love.”
COMPREHENSION DRILL
1. Derive
vague, caterpillar, draw from, smelly onion
2. Flush
whole, flow, shallow, flash in the pan, liner
3. Gratitude
thankfulness, ceremony, thereupon, piano, in school
4. Minor
ambassador, define, westward, inferior, southwest
5. Peril
amuse, danger, reflection, happiness, loneliness
6. Regime
hasten, delicious, regulation, drill, period of time
7. Shriek
Arabian prince, anguished cry, emerge from, alter,
shipping docks
8. Simplicity
offend, fit, plain, city, sinners
9. Vapor
ship, diffused substance in air, labor, airport, milk
10. Ample
sample, reception, goal, large, short
11. Plaid
variegated cloth, plain, colored, passed, fast
12. Diminish
sensation, induce, make less, dressed vainly,
dimmed lights
13. Heir
session, bangs, one who inherits, departure from,
hermit
14. Grim
tenth, menace, despise, fierce, flirt
15. Mingle
combine, jingle, amusement, employment,
a kind of drink
16. Pitcher
upset, water container, breed of dog, spoon, food
17. Remote
near, distant, automatic, remake, emote
18. Lush
lust, adapt, gracious, luxurious, lash
19. Colonial
colonel, cologne, perfume, of a colony,
reduction to ash
20. Discipline
adore, license, strict rule, decide upon, disciple
EFFECTIVE BUSINESS WRITING
PRINCIPLES
Worksheet #

HOW GOOD ARE YOUR

WRITING SKILLS?
How good are your writing skills?

Many of us have a fear of writing. But confronting an anxiety usually

helps to reduce its power over us. If we practice something regularly, it
becomes easier. If you’re honest about answering the following
questions, you should have a better idea of your own attitude to writing.

Scoring Method
Questions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Questions: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

1 = Usually 1 = Seldom
2 = Sometimes 2 = Sometimes
3 = Seldom 3 = Usually
 Statement Score

1 I only put something in writing if I’m forced to by my

boss.

2 I leave a piece of writing to the very last moment.

3 I like to use long words and sentences; they make

my writing seem more important.

4 I often feel vague about the reason I’m writing

something.

5 I don’t bother with a plan; I think about the writing as

I’m going along.
6 People usually understand what I’ve written

7 I see producing a written report as an important piece

of work and set aside time to do it properly.

8 I try to have a reader in mind when I write something.

9 I usually ask a colleague to read and comment on an

important document I’ve written.

10 If I don’t understand something I don’t include it in the

piece of writing.
How did you score?
26 – 30
You understand the importance of effective business writing and are doing well, but
there’s always room for improvement. If you work on your basic skills you could have
an even greater impact.

16 – 25
Although you already possess some writing skills, you lack confidence and could
dramatically improve your effectiveness when producing a written document. Identify
specific areas where you are weak, and work at improving them.

Under 16
You shy away from writing, and it is only a matter of time before you will be badly let
down by your lack of skills. Start improving now by taking a critical look at some
things you have written. Continue to work on your writing style, and consider enlisting
the help of a friend or co-worker who could offer some constructive criticism.

Source: Midge Gilles, Self- Development For Success Business Writing, The Essential Guide to Thinking and Working
Smarter, AMACOM, p. 12 – 13.
Writer’s Block
• a condition, primarily associated with writing
as a profession, in which an AUTHOR
LOSES THE ABILITY TO PRODUCE NEW
WORK.

• The condition varies widely in intensity.

– It can be trivial, a temporary difficulty in
dealing with the task at hand.
– At the other extreme, some "blocked" writers
have been unable to work for years on end,
and some have even abandoned their
careers

• It can manifest as the affected writer

viewing their work as inferior or unsuitable,
when in fact it could be the opposite.
Causes of Writer’s Block

• Writers are sometimes not ready to write

• Writers are sometimes afraid to write
• Writers often try to compose in their heads
• Writers often start in the wrong place
Most of the difficulties in writing relate
to one of four dilemmas:
• The writer does not know what he wants to
write
• The writer does not know how to organize
his materials
• The writer is unable to select a target
audience and write for it.
• The writer is unsure of the use of tools of
writing
Organizing Your Thoughts: Clustering
• “CLUSTERING” the world’s fastest and most effective thinking
technique, In organizing your thoughts, follow the steps:

• Step 1. Write in the name of the subject in middle of a blank

piece of paper, then encircle it.

• Step 2. Then, whatever thoughts that come into your mind

about the subject, add them to your cluster.

• Step 3. Once you have your thoughts onto the page, organize
them into an outline. Think of each set of cluster as a
separate paragraph in whatever memo, letter, report, or
proposal you want to write.
CLUSTERING EXERCISE
Overcoming Writer’s block

• Read constantly
• Write down your thoughts as often as you
can
• Practice makes perfect
Types of Letters
• Personal (to a friend or within
family)
• Social (invitations, death
notices, etc.)
• Official (from government or
its corporations, etc.)
• Business (within business
environment)
• Miscellaneous (letter to the
editor, etc.)
Purposes of Letter
• Giving or seeking information
• Making or answering inquiry
• Placing order
• Demanding or refusing credit
• Mollifying the injured feeling of a customer
• Selling goods and services
• Making, accepting or refusing request
• Making or responding to complaints
• Creating goodwill, etc..
The Common Letter Format Styles

• Block Style
• Semi-block Style
• Indented Style
• Memorandum Style
Block Style

• All sections of the

letter are flush against
the left margin of the
page.
• Each paragraph in
the body of the letter
begins flush left
margin, with a one
space line dividing
each paragraph.
Semi-block Style
• The date, signature,
and address heading (if
not on preprinted
letterhead stationary)
are aligned on the right
side of the page. All
other sections are flush
left margin.
• Paragraphs in
the body of the letter
begin flush left with a
one space line dividing
each paragraph.
Indented Style
• The date, signature,
and address heading (if
not on preprinted
letterhead stationary) are
aligned on the right side
of the page.
• The greeting is flush left.
• Paragraphs in the body of
the letter are indented
with no space line
between paragraphs.
• Postscript and notations a
re flush left.
Memorandum Style
• Best used for interoffice
correspondence.
• Directly above the body of
the memorandum, are the
following sections flush left:

“Date:”
“To:”
“From:”
“Re:” or “Subject:”

- Body text may be

indented or block format.
- Signature of writer not
required
Remember:
1. Use logic in your
letter format.

2. Plan the placement of

your letter on the
page.

3. Whether you choose

a traditional or
contemporary format,
ease of reading
should be your aim
The Essential Parts of the Letter

• Address Heading • Body

• Date • Closing
• Inside Address • Signature
• Attention • Postscript
• Greeting • Notation
• Subject line
Opening and Closing
Sentences with a Difference
• Consider using one of these four kinds of
opening sentences:
 Opening that gets right to the point.
 Opening that asks questions.
 Opening that presents a gripping fact.
 Opening that announces good news.
Opening and Closing
Sentences with a Difference
• The central part
 Telling the reader what he wants to know
 Creating the hypothetical situations
 Using subject line
 Open with a ‘Thank you”
 Begin with courteous request or command
 Open with a pertinent name
Opening and Closing
Sentences with a Difference
• In business letters, appropriate closings
are limited.
• However, do not end your letter with old-
fashioned phrases such as
– “I beg to remain.”
– “Hoping to hear from you soon, I am.”
– “Thanking you in advance.”
Opening and Closing
Sentences with a Difference
• Otherwise
– Use provocative tone End the body
– Use suggestion of your letter
– Use command
with a period,
– Offer incentive
not a comma.
– Repeat the main point
– Use the reader’s name
– Avoid participial closings and indefinite
closings
Seven C’s
of Effective Business Communication
• Correctness
• Clarity
• Conciseness
• Completeness
• Consideration
• Concreteness
• Courtesy
Expressions to Avoid in
Business Writing
• Trite expressions • Demanding tone
• Long phrases • Bragging tone
• Unnecessary • Angry tone
Adjectives • Sexist, racist and
• Clichés pompous language
• Redundancy • Slang and business
• Gobbledygook buzzwords diminish
• Verbosity the value of ideas
• Curtness • Other offensive
expressions
Trite Expressions/ Cliché

• refers to expressions that have been used

over and over again until they become
clichés
• these expressions are so familiar that they
have lost their original effect and, at times,
appear generic and insincere to the reader
Trite Expressions
• all in all
• as a matter of fact
• at the crack of dawn
• at the drop of a hat
• back to the drawing board
• better late than never
• beat around the bush
• best of both worlds
• beyond the shadow of a doubt
• draw a blank
• first and foremost
• in a nutshell
• in our world today
• it goes without saying
• it has come to my attention
• last but not least
• per your request
• playing with fire
• rotten to core
• since the dawn of man
• water under the bridge
• when all is said and done
• window of opportunity
• without further ado
Trite Expressions
1. according to our records we find 12. of even date
2. always with pleasure at your 13. please be advised
service 14. return same
15. thanking you in advance for your
3. at an early date order
4. beg 16. the present writer feels
5. by return of post 17. this will acknowledge receipt of
your letter
6. due to the fact that 18. under separate cover
7. enclosed herewith 19. we have your kind favor of
8. enclosed please find or enclosed 20. we trust this will be satisfactory
you will find 21. we wish to thank you
9. for your information 22. your letter was duly received or
we have your letter to hand
10. i have before me your letter of
11. in this matter or regarding this
matter
Redundancies
•a word, phrase, etc., that repeats something else and is
therefore unnecessary
Examples:
• Repeat again
• Wrong mistake
• Female directress
• Enter inside
• Absolutely certain or
sure/essential/guaranteed
• Actual experience/fact
• Add an additional
• Added bonus
• Advance
notice/planning/reservations/
warning
• As for example
• Ask a question
• At the present time
• Basic fundamentals/essentials
• (Filled to) capacity
Wordy Phrases
WORDY PHRASES ALTERNATIVES
• at all times - always
• at this point in time - now
• can be in the position to - can
• inasmuch as - since, seeing that, given that
• in compliance with your request - as you requested, in response
• in regard to - about, regarding
• in the event that - if, when, in case
• in the very near future - soon
• make an investigation of - investigate
• perform an analysis of - analyze, study, observe
• due to the fact that - due to, because
• in order to - to
• for the purpose - for
• it is important that - must
• until such time as - until
• at the same time as - as, while, simultaneously
• with the possible exception of - except
• prior to - before
• by means of - by, through
• in accordance with your request - as you requested
 Use Short Words
Don’t Say Say
indicate show, say
in lieu of instead of
insufficient not enough
negative no
pertaining to of, about
presently now
residence home
state say
substantial big, large
 Simplify Long-Winded Phrases
Windy Write
Along the lines About, like
At this point in time Now, currently
Be in a position to Can
Despite the fact that Though
Due to the fact that Since, because
Few and far between Seldom
Windy Write
for the purpose of for
in a position to able
in the amount of for
in connection with about, of
in spite of the fact that although
in view of since
Windy Write
make inquiry of ask
on behalf of for
on or before by
sometime in the near future soon
under the circumstances because
with reference to about
 • give a letter the right look

• you should pay attention to its:

– Structure (should be suitable and widely
acceptable in the workplace)
Your – Layout (should be suitable and impressive)
– form and punctuation (should correct and
proper)
Letter • remember that letters:
– reflect the image of your organization
is – serve a permanent records and
– are valuable repository of information
You
Written Drill
(Letter)
May 6, 2017

MR. ALEX N. BATO

CEO/President
AMN Industries Incorporated
523 Vicente G. Cruz Street,
Sampaloc, Manila

Dear Mr. Manzano,

Hi, hello!

this is to reminder you that there was a meeting on June 14, 2017 at
10:00 am in the Conference Room from pan pacific hotel, Malate, Manila.
Attendance will be a must. Agenda from said meeting are attached.

Thanks a lot. We look forward by your prompted respond.

Lovingly yours,

Manny D. Cupaz
Executive Assistant
RULES IN WRITING THE MEMORANDA
AND THE MORE COMMON TYPES OF
LETTERS
Before Writing Any Memo or Letter:

Know your reader.

• How does my reader think?
• How does my reader feel?
• What motivates my reader?
• What are my reader’s biases and
prejudices?
• How would I respond if I received a letter
such as the one I’m sending?
Before Writing any Memo or Letter:

Know what you’re talking about.

• Use specific details about your subject to
light a FIRE in your reader’s imagination:
• F Facts
•I Instances
• R Reasons
• E Examples
Before Writing any Memo or Letter:

Once your words are on page, consider editing

what you’ve written into three-part format:
• Why you’re writing?
• What you want to say.
– What does my reader know about this
subject?
– What more does my reader need to
know?
– What questions will my reader ask
about what I am writing?
• What you want the reader to do.
The Memoranda

• short and concise

communications
• for internal circulation
only
• sent to one or more
recipients
Memos are Particularly Effective for:

• Marking a shift in policy

• Summing up a meeting
• Reminding people of something
• Imposing a deadline
• Squelching a rumor
Format of Memo
• A memorandum may have many format, or it may
have a format specific to an office or institution.

• In law specifically, a memorandum is a record of the

terms of a transaction or contract, such as:
– a policy memo
– Bench memorandum
– Memorandum of agreement
– Memorandum of association
– Memorandum of understanding
– Mémoire
– Presidential memorandum
– Private Placement Memorandum
Format of Memo
• They could be ONE PAGE long or
many.

• If the user is a senior executive, the

format might be rigidly defined and
limited to one or two pages.

• If the user is a colleague, the format

is usually much more flexible.

• At its most basic level, A

MEMORANDUM CAN BE A HANDWRITTEN
NOTE to one's supervisor.
Format of Memo
• To keep the memo short; stick to one
page.
• The following headings should appear,
double spaced, at the top of the memo.
• They provide a lot of information in short space
and allow the memo its self to be more
concise.
TO:
FROM:
DATE:
SUBJECT:
Composing the Message
• The best memos deal with just ONE TOPIC. If you’re covering
MORE GROUND, NUMBER EACH POINT.

• Decide on a message before framing a HEADLINE THAT SUMS

UP.

• Answer the key questions in a piece of writing: 5W’s & H

• Think about WHAT ACTION YOU WANT TO COME ABOUT as result

of the communication.

• If you are informing people that something is going to happen or

asking to be done, ALWAYS GIVE A DEADLINE

• Try to END ON A POSITIVE NOTE

Sending Copies
• Add “cc” or “cf” at the bottom, followed by the names or titles
of the people concerned, if you decide to send the memo to
people other than those directly affected by it.’

• Add “bc” at the bottom of the copy only, followed by the name
of the person to whom you’re sending the copy without letting
the recipient know that you have done so.

• Send copies ONLY TO THOSE WHO

REALLY NEED or want to see this memo.

• USE YOUR JUDGMENT TO DECIDE who

needs a copy.
Case study
Suppose your company has decided that each department should apply for
an internationally recognized certificate of quality or accreditation and you
have to compose a memo to inform the staff.

Headline: Team to boost sales through new working methods

What? Raising standards
Who? Team leaders
Why? To win international accreditation and boost sales
How? By improving practices and skills
Where? Within the automotive components department and,
ultimately the whole organization
When? Over an 18-month period (in case you want the team
leaders to begin a process that will lead to international
accreditation.)
Action: All team leaders to draw up plans of how they will
achieve accreditation and attend meeting on the date
and at the time specified.
Memo
TO: Team leaders in Automotive Components division
FROM: Division Director
RE: International Accreditation
Date: May 6, 2017

Autoboost has decided that each department will apply for international accreditation as part of
its drive to improve sales. Accreditation will raise standards and increase the company’s skill
base. It may also mean changes to working practices.

The human resources department will send out details of how to apply for accreditation. Team
leaders will be responsible for drawing up a plan for how their team can achieve this.

A meeting will be held at 11 a.m. on June 10 for team leaders to discuss the strategy. The
board believes accreditation will improve working standards and help us to boost sales both at
home and aboard.

Cc: Board of directors

Written Drill
(Memo)
 INTERNAL MEMORANDAUM

To : Ms. Jane L. Sanchez

Division Head

From : Mr. Timothy Pores

Project Coordinator

Re : Postponement of project Launching

Date : May 6, 2017

Please be inform that our scheduled projects launching in June 8, 2017 on “June
Specials” will not push thru.

I decide not to pursued the schedule activity because by the strong typhoon that is
expect to hits Metro Manila at that day. Based to our reports, previous activities do
during bad weather were not success. There were a small turn out of participants
which result to wastage of a lots of food, time effort and money. Thus, I am postpone
the said launching until the weather became better.
Ten Tips for Proofreading Effectively

TECHNIQUES IN EDITING
AND PROOFREADING
Techniques in Editing and Proofreading

Editing Proofreading
A stage of the writing The process of reviewing the
process in which a writer final draft of a text to ensure
or editor strives to improve that all surface errors have
a draft (and sometimes been corrected.
prepare it for publication) by
correcting errors and by
making words and sentences
clearer, more precise, and
more effective.
Ten Tips for Proofreading Effectively
1. Give it a rest.
2. Look for one type of problem at a time.
3. Double-check facts, figures, and proper
names.
4. Review a hard copy.
5. Read your text aloud.
Techniques in Editing and Proofreading

6. Use a spellchecker.
7. Trust your dictionary.
8. Read your text backward.
9. Create your own proofreading checklist.
10.Ask for help.
In short:
• Proofread • Follow this three-
everything, step method
you’ve written “THINK, WRITE,
three times for: and CORRECT”
 First and everything
Meaning you write will
 Second contain all the
Power basic principles
 Third of good writing.
Correctness
WORKSHOP
Scenario:
You are the Head of the Sales Department. Your loyal
client, Mr. John Walters of W:Integrate, sent you a letter
regarding the behavior of one of your sales people
handling their account. He is complaining about the
untoward behavior of Mr. Nikko Suarez, your account
executive. Allegedly, Mr. Suarez sent them a wrong
quotation. When Mr. Walters called Mr. Suarez’s
attention regarding the mistake, he snapped back at him
sarcastically, which of course, offended Mr. Walters. Mr.
Suarez shouted at the top of his voice instead of
explaining what had gone wrong apologetically.
Tasks:

• Write a letter to Mr. Walters to win back

his loyalty and respect to your company.

• Compose a memorandum for Mr. Suarez

for his untoward behavior.
How To Speak Better English

ENHANCING YOUR VERBAL

COMMUNICATION
EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION:
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Activity

FACIAL EXERCISES
The Purpose of Communication
• to inform
• to persuade
• to create goodwill
• to instruct
• to inspire
Why are you timid or afraid
to converse in English?
 Possible Reasons

• Unprepared; don’t know what to say

• Unpleasant voice
• Poor grammar
• Wrong intonation
• Poor pronunciation
HOW?
VOICE
Pointers To Develop A Pleasing
Voice
Relax
Breathe Properly
Watch your Posture
Observe proper volume of voice
Pointers To Develop A Pleasing
Voice
Open your mouth properly when talking
Keep your speaking voice pleasantly low
Animate your voice
Do vocalization
Activity

VOCAL EXERCISES
Elements of Speech
• Blending
• Stress & Rhythm
• Intonation
• Phrasing and Pausing
Blending
Combining your words together to avoid sounding
choppy

1. write it well
2. that’s a joke
3. sleep in peace
4. have a drink
5. in spite of it all
Stress
Stressing or giving emphasis that carries the
meaning of your sentences like nouns,
adjectives, and verbs.

1. I’m happy
2. How are you?
3. Good morning.
4. Certainly.
5. Excuse me.
Rhythm
The regular movement or beat given to words.

1. half an hour
2. sell a car
3. a cup of coffee
4. eyes and ears
5. take it off
Phrasing and Pausing
Pausing and taking in air at the appropriate points.

1. There are various reasons for a person/ to stay in

his job// and enjoy it,/ too.//

2. The excited participants/ were divided into two

groups:// those who handle sales and marketing/
and those who do office work.//
Master the English Grammar

SPEAKING IN GRAMMATICALLY
CORRECT ENGLISH
COMMON ERRORS IN SPEECH
Wrong Grammar • Pronoun
• Verb Tenses
• Verb-subject agreement
• Conjunctions
• Preposition
 COMMON ERRORS IN SPEECH

• Omission of Words
• Unnecessary Shifts
• Wordy Sentences
• Poor Coordination of Ideas
 COMMON ERRORS IN SPEECH

• Incomplete Sentences
• Double Negation
• Wrong Choice of Words
• Poor Pronunciation and diction
• Limited Vocabulary
ASPECTS OF GOOD
PRONUNCIATION
Pronunciation of Sound
• Pronunciation refers to the way you produce
individual sounds and combinations of sounds.
• You need to move your mouth in the correct way in
order to pronounce a word correctly.
• All good dictionaries contain phonetics
transcriptions of words to help you if you are not
sure of the correct pronunciation.
Activity

TONGUE TWISTER
 A twister of twists,
Once twisted a twist,
And the twist that he twisted
Was a three-twisted twist
Now in twisting this twist,
If a twist should untwist
The twist that untwisted
Would untwist the twist
PREPARATION AND
DELIVERY
PLANNING AND ORGANIZING MESSAGES

DELIVERING HIGH IMPACT PERSUASIVE

COMMUNICATION
A. Planning and Organizing Messages

1. Define Your Communication Objectives

2. Analyze Your Listeners
3. Organize Your Thoughts and Ideas
4. Use Support Information to Increase
Understanding and Impact of Message
Analyzing Your Listeners
Four types of listeners:
• People – oriented listeners
• Action – oriented listeners
• Content – oriented listeners
• Time – oriented listeners
People-Oriented Listeners
• Respond to feelings and emotions
• Seek to develop a connection with the
speaker
• Concerned about others
• Talk about “we” more than “you” or “they”
• Storytelling appeals to them
Action-Oriented Listeners
• They are confident, critical, focused on
solving problems
• Want to get tasks done
• Want to get to the point quickly
• Speaker should be concise and focus on
work expectations
Content-Oriented Listeners
• Not interested in feelings
• Concerned about details
• Look at all sides of argument and reject
information that is not supported with
evidence or expert opinion
• Do not mind technical information
• May intimidate people because they ask
tough questions; play “devil’s advocate”
Time-Oriented Listeners
• Prefer detailed, concise and organized
communication
• Appreciate quick and brief messages
• Tend to set aside a time for meeting or
discussion
• Always look at the clock/watch; punctual
B. Delivering High Impact Persuasive
Communication
1. Know the Purpose of the Message
2. Use the Organizational Pattern of a
Persuasive Message
3. Remember the Guidelines in Delivering a
High Impact Persuasive Message:
Tools and Techniques
Purpose of a Persuasive Message

• A persuasive message is
one that is designed to
convince someone to do
something.
• Direct the presentation or
discussion to the action
you want to pursue
Organizational Pattern
of a Persuasive Message [AIDA]
ATTENTION  Spark audience’s curiosity
 Avoid extravagant claims and irrelevancies
INTEREST  Relate message to audience’s needs
 Provide factual descriptions of item o service
 Mention benefits to audience

DESIRE  Provide evidence to back claims

 Draw attention to enclosures
 Build audience’s willingness to take action

ACTION  State desired action

 Summarize benefits
 Make action easy
Tools and Techniques
• Active listening
• Words and phrases to avoid
• Body language (Gestures & Facial
Expressions)
• When to stop / pause
• Voice techniques
Active Listening

• Pay attention
• Show that you are
listening
• Provide feedback
• Defer judgment
• Respond
appropriately
 Less Talk, More Listening
Listening In the Art of Conversation
• Really listen.
• Look at the person when he/she is talking and pay attention
• Don't interrupt.
• Don't give advice.
• Rely on sincerity, clarity and intelligent choice of subject.

Are You Giving A Speech?

If there are three participants in a conversation and the one
who talks more than one third of a time isn't having a
conversation but giving a speech.
Words & Phrases to Avoid

1. To be honest with you

2. I think/I believe
3. Listen (followed by the person’s name)
4. What do you think?
5. Buy and Sell
6. But
7. No
8. Nice to meet you
Facial Expressions
and Gestures count a lot.

• Relaxed
• Confident
• Sincere
• Consistent with
emotions being
conveyed.
 Persuasive Pauses: When to Pause

• Pause before delivering an important

idea.
• Pause after delivering an important idea.
• Pause after sharing complex detail.
• Pause after you ask a question.
• Pause after you conclude.
Voice Techniques
• Control your speed
• Sound more confident and decisive
• Energize your voice
• Control the tone of your voice
 Persuasive communication
requires:
• courtesy
• proper use of words,
correct grammar and
format
• accuracy, brevity and
conciseness
• proper voice tone and
volume
• eye contact
There are bound to be times when you
encounter someone who:
• Demonstrates disrespect The most common
for what you have to say mistake made when
we experience
• Blocks out your message exasperation in
by hiding behind a wall of conversation is to
defensiveness or
argumentativeness
focus exclusively on
how unreasonable the
other person is being.
• Reacts negatively instead
of responding
constructively to your
message
IN ANSWERING QUESTIONS…
Tx3
• Tell the receiver what
you are going to talk
about (overview)

• Tell the details

• Tell what you’ve told

(recap)
WORKSHOP
 PREP
Exercise
How To Speak Better English
• Read/ read Aloud English materials
• Listen/ watch English TV programs and movies
• Think, talk and write in English
• Master The English Grammar by constant
use/practice
• Don’t be afraid/shy to ask for help if you need it
All the great
speakers were bad
speakers at first.
--Ralph Waldo Emerson