LIDAR

Tarmeño Noriega, Walter Josué 16190148

CONTENIDO

 Introducción
 LIDAR- ¿Que es?
¿Como funciona?
Principio Basico
 Fotografía VS Lidar
 Componentes
 Clasificación
 Características
LIDAR

 Light Detection And

Ranging (Deteccion de Luz
y Rango)
 Es una tecnología de
detección remota óptica
que puede medir la
distancia u otras
propiedades de un objetivo
iluminándolo con luz, a
menudo utilizando pulsos
de un láser.
 General Description

 LIDAR uses ultraviolet, visible, or near infrared light to

image objects and can be used with a wide range of
targets, including non-metallic objects, rocks, rain,
chemical compounds, aerosols, clouds and even
single molecules. A narrow laser beam can be used to
map physical features with very high resolution.
HOW????
 Each time the laser is pulsed:
 Laser generates an optical
pulse
 Pulse is reflected off an object
and returns
 to the system receiver
 High-speed counter measures
the time of flight from the start
pulse to the return pulse
 Time measurement is
converted to a distance (the
distance to the target and the
 position of the airplane is then
used to determine
 the elevation and location)
 Multiple returns can be
measured for each pulse
 COMPONENTES:

1. LASER
2. SCANNER AND OPTICS
3. PHOTODETECTOR AND RECEIVER
4. POSITION AND NAVIGATIONAL SYS.
 LASER
 600–1000nm lasers are most common for non scientific
applications

 Airborne topographic mapping lidars generally use 1064 nm

diode pumped YAG lasers.

 Better target resolution is achieved with shorter pulses,

provided the LIDAR receiver detectors and electronics have
sufficient bandwidth.
 SCANNER AND OPTICS

 How fast images can be developed is also affected by

the speed at which it can be scanned into the system .

 There are several options to scan the azimuth and

elevation, including dual oscillating plane mirrors, a
combination with a polygon mirror, a dual axis scanner
 PHOTODETECER

 Two main photodetector technologies are used in

lidars: solid state photodetectors, such as silicon
avalanche photodiodes, or photomultipliers

 The sensitivity of the receiver is another parameter

that has to be balanced in a LIDAR design.
 NAVIGATIONAL SYS.

 LIDAR sensors that are mounted on mobile platforms

such as airplanes or satellites require instrumentation
to determine the absolute position and orientation of
the sensor.

 Such devices generally include a Global Positioning

System receiver and an Inertial Measurement Unit
(IMU).
 CLASIFICACION

• Por tipo de laser • Por tipo de escaneado

 Lídar de pulsos: El emisor
funciona emitiendo pulsos  Líneas: Produce líneas
de luz. paralelas en el terreno
como patrón de
 Lídar de medición de fase: escaneado
En este caso el emisor
emite un haz láser  Zigzag: En este caso el
continuo. espejo es rotatorio en dos
sentidos
 De fibra óptica: Desde la
fibra central de un cable
de fibra óptica.
 Elíptico: En este caso el haz
láser es desviado por dos
espejos.
BASIC PRINCIPLE
 Similar principle to RADAR –
pulses of light emitted into
the atmosphere and
scattered back by clouds,
aerosols or air molecules
 Light collected by a
telescope
 Spectrometers or
interference filters isolate
wavelength concerned
 Photon-counting or
analogue detection
 Time-of-flight gives
scattering height z=2ct
 TRADITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY VS
LIDAR

 Day time collection only  Day or night data acquisition

 Complicated and sometimes  Direct acquisition of 3D

unreliable procedures collection

 Planimetric accuracy is better  Vertical accuracy is better than

than vertical planimetric
 APPLICATIONS

 AGRICULTURE
 ARCHAEOLOGY
 BIOLOGY & CONSERVATION
 GEOLOGY
 HYDROLOGY
 METROLOGY