Abutment

preparation
UNDER SUPERVISION OF:
PROF.DR.: MOHAMED ELDAKKAK
PROF.DR.: AHLAM ELSHARKAWY
PROF.DR.: SALAH EZZ EL ARAB
DR.:SHERIFF ELDAKKAK
DR.:NERMEEN RADY

:PRESENTED BY
MOUSTAFA ABD ELHAMID
ELSONBATY
• After surgery, periodontal
treatment,
endodontic treatment, and tissue
conditioning of the arch involved,
the abutment teeth may be
prepared to provide support,
stabilization, and retention for the
removable partial denture.
 Correction
of occlusal
plane
discrepanc
ies

Provision of
Rest seat Support for
Periodontall
preparatio y
n Weakened
Abutment Teeth
preparati
on

Changin Guidin
g height
of g
contour planes
 CORRECTION OF OCCLUSAL
PLANE DISCREPANCIES
• If The occlusal plane in partially
edentulous mouths is uneven,
practitioner has to correct it through:-
1. If discrepancy is relatively minor, it
may be corrected by enameloplasty.
2. If discrepancy is relatively moderate, it
may be corrected by cast restorations
such as onlays or crowns.

3. If discrepancy is extreme, extraction of

the offending teeth may be the only
logical solution
 TIPPING OF TEETH
• Tipped molars may present
significant problems in RPD therapy.
• Teeth are often tipped facially or
lingually, which may complicate
clasping procedures.
 :-SOLUTIONS
1. The ideal solution is to upright such
teeth orthodontically .
2. If migration and tipping are minor, the
occlusal plane may be corrected via
enameloplasty.
3. If migration and tipping are moderate ,
onlays or crowns may be indicated for
correction of the occlusal plane.
 PROVISION OF SUPPORT FOR
PERIODONTALLY
WEAKENED TEETH
• In many partially edentulous mouths, some or
all the remaining teeth may display decreased
periodontal support.
• these teeth may require some form of splinting
to provide adequate support and stabilization
for a removable partial denture.
 GUIDING PLANES
• Guiding planes are surfaces on proximal
or lingual surfaces of teeth that are
parallel to each other and, more
importantly, to the path of insertion and
removal of RPD.
 ABUTMENT TEETH ADJACENT
TO TOOTH-SUPPORTED
SEGMENTS
• This surface should be :
1. 2 to 4 mm in occlusogingival height,
2. follow the natural curvature of the tooth
surface
 ABUTMENT TEETH ADJACENT TO
DISTAL EXTENSION EDENTULOUS
SPACES
• Typically, a guiding plane adjacent to a distal
extension space is 1.5 to 2.0 mm in height .
• The reduced height permits greater freedom of
movement for the associated removable partial
denture . as a result, potentially destructive torquing
forces are minimized.
Reduced height results in decreased contact with the
minor connector and permits greater freedom of
movement (arrows) for the removable partial denture.
Hence, potentially damaging forces are minimized.
LINGUAL SURFACES OF ABUTMENT
TEETH
1. Provide maximum resistance to lateral
forces.
2. Enhance reciprocation and
preservation of the periodontal tissue of
the abutment tooth
 CRITERIA OF LINGUAL GUIDING
PLANES
1. 2 to 4 mm in occlusogingival height
2. Located in the middle third of the
clinical crown
 ANTERIOR ABUTMENT TEETH

1. Decrease undesirable space between the

prosthesis and an abutment tooth,
2. Reestablish the normal width of an edentulous
space ( better esthetics )
 CHANGING HEIGHT OF CONTOUR

• Ideally a retentive clasp arm should be located

no farther occlusally (or incisally) than the
junction of the gingival and middle thirds of the
crown.
• This not only improves the esthetic qualities of
the clasp, but also places the clasp nearer the
tooth’s center of rotation.
 CHANGING HEIGHT OF
CONTOUR
• The height of contour is often
changed to provide more favorable
positions for clasp arms or lingual
plating.
• It can be achieved either by
enamaloplasty or complete coverage
of abutment teeth depending on the
thickness of enamel
A, Solid line represents the height of contour on the
abutment. Dotted line represents the desirable height of the
contour for optimally located. B, By reducing the axial contour of
the tooth by only 0.01 inch, the optimum height of contour can be
achieved without exposing the dentin. C, Stone tooth is trimmed
with a surveyor blade to the desired height of contour. The trimmed
area is marked in red pencil and serves as a blueprint for similar
recontouring in the mouth.
 ENHANCING RETENTIVE UNDERCUTS
• If the abutment tooth has nearly vertical surface
facially , it can be modified by making
depression has the following criteria :
1. Gentle , smooth, flowing contours depression
2. it should establish an undercut of 0.010
inches relative to the proposed path of
insertion.
 COMPLETE COVERAGE
RESTORATIONS
• Restorations may be required if the remaining
teeth do not possess usable enamel surfaces.
• These restorations must include the
appropriate undercuts, guiding planes, and
rest seats.
 REST SEAT PREPARATIONS

• The functions of a rest is to :-

1. Direct the forces of mastication parallel
to the long axis of the associated
abutment.
2. Prevents the gingival displacement of
RPD
3. May be used as an indirect retainer.
4. May be used to close a small space
between teeth, thereby restoring
continuity of the arch .
 OCCLUSAL REST SEATS IN
ENAMEL
1. The outline form of an occlusal rest seat is
basically triangular,
2. The base of the triangle at the marginal ridge
3. The apex pointing toward the center of the
tooth.
5. The floor of the occlusal rest seat must be
inclined toward the center of the tooth
6. The enclosed angle formed by the floor of the
rest seat and the proximal surface of the tooth
must be less than 90 degrees
7. It should be at least 1 mm thick at its thinnest
point.
 CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE REST
SEAT PREPARATION

To check that sufficient enamel has been removed during

rest seat preparation, the patient should be asked to
occlude on a strip of softened pink wax. The thickness of
wax in the region of the rest seat will indicate if adequate
OCCLUSAL REST SEATS AS PART
OF A NEW CAST-METAL
RESTORATION
 SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS OF REST
SEAT
• Rest seats on ceramic surfaces
warrant particular attention since
they may be subjected to undesirable
tensile forces which may lead to
failure of restoration
• Metal-ceramic restorations allow the
practitioner to place potentially damaging
tensile forces on metal surfaces
• rest seats for metal-ceramic restorations
be constructed entirely in metal.
 OCCLUSAL REST SEATS ON AN
AMALGAM RESTORATION
• Amalgam tend to deform when a sustained load
is applied ,
this may result in fracture of the material and
failure of the restoration.
• Experience indicates that rest seats
should not be placed entirely on
amalgam. if a substantial portion of
the rest seat cannot be placed on
sound tooth structure, then a
complete coverage casting should be
considered.
 EMBRASURE REST
SEATS
• This preparation crosses the occlusal
embrasure of two approximating
posterior teeth, from the mesial fossa of
one tooth to the distal fossa of the
adjacent tooth
 REST SEAT PREPARATIONS
FOR ANTERIOR TEETH
• In most instances, an occlusal rest seat on a
posterior tooth is preferred over a cingulum or
incisal rest seat on an anterior tooth, because of
:-
1. An occlusal rest seat permits forces to be
directed along the long axis of the tooth, while
cingulum and incisal rest seats often present
inclined surfaces .
2. Posterior teeth also present large, divergent
roots that can withstand more loading than the
small, conical roots of anterior teeth.
• When a rest seat must be placed on an
anterior tooth, a canine is preferred to a
lateral or central incisor due to the greater
length and root surface area of canine .
 A CINGULUM REST SEAT IS PREFERRED TO
?AN INCISAL REST SEAT
1. The cingulum rest seat can be prepared
nearer the rotational center of the tooth,
thereby minimizing the tipping action
produced by the rest.
2. A cingulum rest is also more esthetic .
 CINGULUM REST SEATS IN
ENAMEL
1. Crescent shaped when viewed from the
lingual aspect.
2. the rest seat should form a smooth curve from
one marginal ridge to the other.
3. When viewed in profile, the rest seat should
be v-shaped.
CINGULUM REST WITHIN CROWN CONTOUR
 PLACEMENT OF CINGULUM REST
SEATS USING DENTAL BONDING
TECHNIQUES
• Mandibular canines do not display prominent
cingula, as a result, practitioners have devised
other methods for the placement of cingulum
rest seats as using conservative castings.
 CONSERVATIVE CASTING
METHOD
• The practitioner may bond a small metal
casting to the lingual surface of the tooth.
This may be accomplished rather easily
using minimal tooth preparation, a
relatively small cast, and a suitable
bonding agent.
 AN ALTERNATIVE CINGULUM
REST SEAT
• It may be described as a crescent-shaped
depression located in the middle and apical
thirds of the clinical crown .
• In many ways, this rest seat resembles an
inverted cingulum rest seat.
 INCISAL REST SEATS IN ENAMEL

• Incisal rest seats are the least desirable

rest seats for anterior teeth for many
reasons as :-
1. the accompanying rests are unaesthetic
2. may interfere with occlusion.
3. incisal rests are located far from the
rotational centers of the abutments.
hence, these teeth may be damaged by
tipping forces
• Incisal rest seats are commonly used on
mandibular canines, but may be used on other
anterior teeth as well.
• An incisal rest seat is usually placed near a
proximal surface .
• In most instances, the disto-incisal surface is
selected for esthetic purposes, but the mesio-
incisal surface also may be used
1. The bur is oriented parallel to the proposed
path of insertion, and a notch is created .
2. This notch should be located 2 to 3 mm from
the proximal angle of the tooth and should be
1.5 to 2.0 mm in depth.
3. The notch is extended slightly onto the facial
surface of the tooth. This provides a method to
prevent facial movement of the abutment.
4. On the lingual surface of the tooth, a small
channel is created to increase the thickness of
minor connector.
 REFERENCES

• RODNEY D, DAVID R, CHARLES F. STEWART’S CLINICAL

REMOVABLE PARTIAL PROSTHODONTICS.
4THED.QUINTESSENCE;2008.P.517-633.
• ALAN B, GLEN P, DAVID T. DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
PLANINNG. MCCRAKEN’S REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE
PROSTHODONTICS.12TH ED.MOSBY;2010.P.231-55.