LESSON OBJECTIVE

1. KNOW THE MAJOR TYPES OF

VALVES AND WHAT THEY DO.
2. TO DRAW VALVES IN PLAN
VIEW AND ISOMETRIC.
3. TO DIMENSION THE VALVES IN
AN ISOMETRIC
 INTRODUCTION TO VALVES
VALVES ARE POSSIBLY THE
SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT
PIPING COMPONENT:

• VALVES MUST BE USED TO

CONTROL FLOW

• SOMEWHAT EXPENSIVE
AND ACCOUNT FOR
10 TO 15% OF THE TOTAL
PIPING CAPITAL
EXPENDITURES OF A
NEW PLANT
 Basic Types of Valves
& Flow Characteristics

GATE VALVE GLOBE VALVE

RELIEF
VALVE

HORIZONTAL
LIFT CHECK VALVE SWING CHECK VA
Basic Types of Valves
& Flow Characteristics
PLUG
VALVE
ANGLE
VALVE

“Y”VALVE
 Example:
Valving in relief systems
RELIEF GATE
VALVE VALVE

GATE
VALVE

BLEED
VALVE
 Valves
Three main categories:

Block: To stop the flow. (EX: GATE)

Throttle: To control the quantity

of the flow. (EX: GLOBE)

Check: To prevent the reversal of

the flow. (EX: CHECK)
THE GATE VALVE
A Block Valve: Open or
Closed

Three major components:

• Body
• Bonnet
• Trim
Note: Handwheel is
stationary while stem rises.
THE GLOBE VALVE
A Throttling Valve:
For flow variation

Three major components:

• Body
• Bonnet
• Trim
Note: Stem and handwheel
rise at the same time.
GATE & GLOBE VALVE DIMENSIONS – 150#
(See practice # 000.250.9810 for complete
chart and notes)
notes
Dimension “A” is the valve
face to face length. (See note 9)
Dimension “D” is the
handwheel length in the open
position. (See notes 4 & 5)
Note that the globe valve
handwheel rises with the stem
as the valve is opened, whereas
the gate valve handwheel stays
in place as the stem rises.
Dimension “E” = handwheel
diameter. (Min 3” clear around
any handwheel).
Globe valve dimensions vary
by Manufacturer from 10”-150#
and larger. (See note 7).
 VALVE FLANGES
FLANGED VALVES HAVE THE SAME PHYSICAL
DIMENSIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS AS THEIR
CORRESPONDING FLANGES AS DISCUSSED EARLIER.

VALVES COME WITH :

 RAISED FACE
 FLAT FACE
 RING JOINT FACE

THE O.D. AND BOLT PATTERNS ARE THE SAME

QUESTION:
If a 300# valve is in a 150# line, what is the rating
of the mating flanges?
ANSWER:
300#. Identify as out of spec. on Iso.
LENGTH OF EXPOSED
VALVE STEM
RULE OF THE THUMB:

“ TO FIND THE DISTANCE FROM THE

TOP OF THE STEM TO THE HANDWHEEL
IS TO USE THE VALVE NOMINAL SIZE”

8”

Example:

POSITION
8” Gate Valve

OPEN
 THE PLUG VALVE
A Block Valve: Open or Closed
• Tapered Plug acts similar to Gate
• Slam proof, cannot cause line shock
and water-hammer.
• Flow contours are optimized for the
lowest pressure drop
• Can be used for gas throttling
service
• Useful in controlling low flow.
• Made in several different patterns
• May operate with a wrench
operator or gear operator
depending on size and rating.
 PLUG VALVE PATTERNS:
• Short and Regular: basically
the same except overall
length. The short pattern plug
valves have the same end to
end dimensions of gate valves
of the same size and rating.
• Venturi
• Hyperseal: manufactured by
one company only: Rockwell.
Used in High Pressure
systems…600#, 900#, etc. HYPERSEAL PLUG
 THE CHECK VALVE
Prevents Backflow

Three types:
• Swing check
• Wafer check
• Lift check

Note:Some check valves are limited in positions that

they may be placed due to the internals.
SWING CHECK VALVE :

Swing check:
 Bolted cap
 Raised face flanges
 Integral seat
 Internal flapper
swings open with
flow and swings shut
with backflow or no
flow.
 May be placed in
vertical only if flow
is up.
HORIZONTAL LIFT CHECK

 Installed in horizontal
position only.
 Flow moves through the
body in a changing course
as in globe valves
 Gravity and reverse flow
close it automatically
CHECK VALVE DIMENSIONS – 150#
(See practice # 000.250.9810 for complete chart and notes)
notes

Dimensions are given for the swing check

(RF & BW) per ANSI standards and for
the Dual Plate (or wafer check) per API-
594. (See note 6).
Dimensions shown are for the valve face
to face length.
Check valves do not have handwheels
but operate from fluid flow and gravity or
spring loading.
Check valves do have a bolted top plate
that must have clearance for maintenance.
WAFER CHECK VALVE :
Wafer check:
 Wafered between two
flanges with bolts
 Two spring loaded
flappers
 Sometimes called
split disc or dual
plate
 No flanges
 May be placed in
vertical only if flow
is up.
 THE BALL VALVE
A Block Valve: Open or Closed

• Rotating ball acts similar to

gate or plug
• Most commonly used in
utility systems, water and air
• Can be used for throttling
• 90 degree rotation turns on
or off
BALL VALVE DIMENSIONS-150#
(Review standard #0002509810 for complete chart and notes)
notes

Dimension “A” is the valve

face to face length. (See notes 8
& 10).
Dimensions are based on ANSI
standards. (See note 10).
Dimension “B & C” are for
the handle type operator.
Dimensions “D,E,F,G”apply to
larger ball valves w/handwheel
operators. (Min 3” clear around
any handwheel).
Ball valve dimensions vary by
Manufacturer from 10”-150#
and larger. (See note 7).
 THE BUTTERFLY VALVE :
 Two types: Flangeless or
Lug-type, with or without
cap screws
 Commonly used in water
services
 Single disc rotates on axis
to open or close
 Often has an integral
flange seal that acts as a
gasket. No additional
gasket is required. Be sure
to check each valve for
their requirements

Advantage: Takes up less space and weighs less than a gate valve.
 RELIEF/SAFETY VALVES :
 Protect equipment or lines
from excessive pressures
 Usually spring loaded and
opens automatically when
pressure exceeds the limit for
which the valve is set
 Installed with the stem
upright to eliminate foreign
material from clogging the
opening making the valve
FLANGED inoperable
 The flow is always in the
bottom and out the side

SCREWED
 RELIEF/SAFETY VALVES :
Steam Safety Process Pressure
Valve Relief Valve
Pilot Operated
Relief Valve
RELIEF/SAFETY VALVES :
Photos
RELIEF/SAFETY VALVES :
Photos
RELIEF/SAFETY VALVES :
Photos
Relief Valves:
Handles water and oil and
opens proportionally with the
increase of pressure.

Safety Valves:
Handles steam and gas and
opens fully when the pressure
exceeds the maximum pressure
for which the valve is set.
CONTROL VALVES
• Usually a globe valve that uses
hydraulic or pneumatic
actuators
• Operate in a partially open
position
• Commonly used for
automatically controlling flow
and/or pressure limiting
• An actuator opens and closes
the valve
• This valve and actuator is
supplied by the control systems
engineer
TYPICAL CONTROL VALVE
MANIFOLD
 Control valve located in
the horizontal @ 2’-6”
above grade.
 Bypass valve same size as
control valve and located
minimum to upstream
pipe run.
 Block valves for
maintenance of control
valve. Usually one line size
larger than control valve.
 Provide actuator
clearance for
maintenance.
 Drain located downstream
of the control valve.
 Valve Review
Discuss characteristics of each valve type:
Gate
Globe
Check
Ball
Butterfly
Plug
Relief
Safety
Control
Dimension Charts
DIMENSION CHART - 150#
DIMENSION CHART - 300#
DIMENSION CHART - 600#
SOCKET WELD VALVES
Drawing Symbology
 GATE Drawing Symbology:
VALVES PIPING PLAN
(DRAWN TO SCALE)
PIPING
ISOMETRIC

FLANGED

BUTT WELDED

SCREWED AND
SOCKET WELDED

REFERENCE: Practice # 670.250.9817

GLOBE VALVES Drawing Symbology:
PIPING PLAN PIPING
(DRAWN TO SCALE) ISOMETRIC

FLANGED

BUTT WELDED

SCREWED AND
SOCKET WELDED
REFERENCE: Practice # 670.250.9817
CHECK VALVES Drawing Symbology:
PIPING PLAN PIPING
(DRAWN TO SCALE) ISOMETRIC

FLANGED

BUTT WELDED

SCREWED AND
SOCKET WELDED

REFERENCE: Practice # 670.250.9817

BUTTERFLY Drawing Symbology:
PIPING PLAN PIPING
VALVES (DRAWN TO SCALE) ISOMETRIC

FLANGELESS

Special bolting requirements are

called out on the face of the iso.

REFERENCE: Practice # 670.250.9817

 Drawing Symbology:
BALL VALVES
PIPING PLAN PIPING
(DRAWN TO SCALE) ISOMETRIC

FLANGED

BUTT WELDED

REFERENCE: Practice # 670.250.9817

PLUG VALVES Drawing Symbology:
PIPING PLAN PIPING
ISOMETRIC
(DRAWN TO SCALE)

FLANGED

BUTT WELDED

SCREWED AND
SOCKET WELDED
REFERENCE: Practice # 670.250.9817
 RELIEF Drawing Symbology:
VALVES PIPING PLAN PIPING
(DRAWN TO SCALE) ISOMETRIC

FLANGED

BUTT WELDED

SCREWED AND
SOCKET WELDED
REFERENCE: Practice # 670.250.9817
 Handwheel
Orientations
and Callouts for
Isometrics

Handwheels oriented on
horizontal or vertical
centerlines
(no callout required)
 Handwheel
Orientations
& Callouts for
Isometrics
(continued)

Offset handwheels with bolt holes

straddling natural centerlines
shall require callout for
handwheel orientation.
 Handwheel
Orientations
and Callouts for
Isometrics
(continued)

Offset handwheels require

bolt holes to be rotated.
Callouts required for both
handwheel and bolt hole
orientation.
Making Valve Accessible
For optimum operability
locate valve with
centerline @ 4’-6”
 Maximum valve height is
located by bottom of
handwheel.
 Bottom of HW must be
@ EL. 6’-6” or less.
 Chain Operated Valves
Side view Piping Plan
(drawn to scale)

Piping Isometric:

Top View
Chain Operated Valve Height

Minimum
Bottom of Handwheel
EL. 7’-6”

Approx.
3’-0”
 Valve
Accessibility and
Clearance:
Vertical Stem
Valve Accessibility
and Clearance:
Horizontal Stem
 Extension Stems
Extension stems are used for valve operation when valves are placed
below grade, beneath platforms, etc. Below are several types of
extension stems and some of the parts used for wrench operated plug
valves. Other types are available for other kinds of valves.

On the isometric, the extension

stem and its number are called
out. Also shown is the dimension
from the center of the valve to the
stem. See your job standards for
the correct symbol and callout.
 GEAR OPERATORS
Valves may be ordered with gear operated top works when the valve
is too large to operate manually or the pressure is too high. The two
most commonly used gear operators are shown below:

Bevel Gearing Spur Gearing

•Used on gate, globe and plug valves •Used on gate, globe and plug valves
•Handwheel positions vary-check w/ vendor. •Handwheel up and to the side…check
Vendor drawings for dimensions.
Motor Operators

Standard gate and globe

valves can be furnished
with several types of
electric, air or hydraulic
operators to suit a wide
variety of applications
where remote control
operation is required.