Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Week 7
Poly-phase System
T 2T
3T t
They all have 120o phase differences
Poly sources Vs1 ,Vs2 ,Vs3 The instantaneous power will never
be zero.
V
T 2T 3T t
Poly-phase System
a b
8A 4A
For note c : c d e f
I cd ? I de 2A I ef
5A 8A I cd , I cd 3A 5A I fj 3A
6A I ij
For note f : j
g h i
I ef 4A 3A , I ef 7A
2A 10A
For note j : k l
I ij 3A 4A10A , I ij 7A
Notations
c Van 10000V
Vbn 100 1200V
n a Vcn 100 2400V
Voltage characteristics
1-phase a
Van Vnb
3-wire n
Source Vab 2Van 2Vnb
b
Household electronics may either operate with
a 110V or with 220V
V1 Phase characteristics
n Van Vnb Van Vbn
V2
b Van Vbn 0
Single-phase Three-wire Systems
Current characteristics
A a
I Nn I bB I aA
V1 Zp
V1 V
N n I bB I Aa 1
Zp Zp
V1 Zp
I Nn 0
B b
This is no current in the neutral wire.
How if the two Z p are NOT equal, and all the wires have impedances ?
Example 1
1 ① Determine the power delivered to the
50, 100 and the 20 j10 Loads.
1150 V
0
I1 50 20
② Determine the power lost in the three
3 lines represented by 1 3 and 10
I2 respectively.
1150 0 V I3
10
100 j10
③ Determine the transmission efficiency?
Hints: observe a structure with regular meshes and know impedances, we can
determine the currents I1, I2 and I3 in order to find out the power being lost
and delivered!
Single-phase Three-wire Systems
54 50 3 I1 11500
50 170 j10 100 I 0
2
3 100 104 I 3 11500
Single-phase Three-wire Systems
If can be calculated:
P50 I1 I 2 50 206 W
2
P100 I 3 I 2 100 117 W Total loaded power 2086W
2
PaA I1 1 126 W
2
PbB I 3 1 108W Total lost power 237W
2
PnN I nN 3 I 3 I1 3 3W
2 2
Power delivered to the load
Transmission efficiencyη 100%
total power generated
Total power generated by the two voltage sources is:
A
a B
Voltage characteristics
b
Vbn Balanced three-phase sources
Van (phasor voltages)
n
N
Van Vbn Vcn
Van Vbn Vcn 0
Vcn
C
Three Phase Y-Y connection
Vbn V p 1200 Vp
240 0
Vbn
Negative phase sequence (cba) (Anti-clockwise rotation)
Vbn
Van V p 0 0
120 0
Van
Vbn V p 120 0
240 0
Vcn V p 2400
Vcn
Three Phase Y-Y connection
Vab Van Vnb V p 00 V p 600 V p V p cos 60 jVp sin 60
1 3
Vp Vp Vp
2 2 Vca Vna Vnb Vab
Vbc Vbn Vnc V p 120 V p 60
0 0 Vcn
1 1 Vnb
Vp Vp 0 Vna
2 2 Van
Vca Vcn Vna V p 2400 V p 1800
1 3 Vbn Vnc
Vp Vp Vp
2 2
Vnc
Vbc
Hence Vab Vbc Vca 0 verifies KVL.
Three Phase Y-Y connection
Current characteristics
I aA
I bB
b
B
a
A
Zp Zp
n N
ZP
I cC
c C
Three Phase Y-Y connection
Vcn V p 240
0
When balanced impedances are applied to each of the three lines and
the neutral line carries no current.
Three Phase Y-Y connection
Example 2
Phase voltages:
Van 20000 V, Vbn 200 1200 V, Vcn 200 2400 V
line-to-line voltage:
Vab 200 3300 V, Vbc 200 3 900 V, Vca 200 3 2100 V
Line currents: Van 20000
I aA 2 60 0
A
Z p 10060 0
Example 2
How about the instantaneous power?
• Example 3
A balanced three-phase system with a line voltage of 300V is supplying a balanced
Y-connected load with 1200W at a leading power factor (PF) of 0.8. Determine line
cuurent IL and per-phase load impedance Zp.
IL
The phase voltage is: Vp = 300/ 3 V.
The per-phase power is: 1200W/3 = 400W.
300
~ Zp
Therefore 400 = ( I L ) × 0.8 , and IL = 2.89A V p 300 3 Vrms
3
VP 300 3
The phase impedance is: | Z P |= = = 60Ω
IL 2.89
A leading PF of 0.8 implies the current leads the voltage, and the impedance angle
is: -argcos(0.8) = -36.9o
and Zp = 60∠ -36.9o Ω
Note: the apparent power of a Y-Y connected load is P = Van × IAN
(phase voltage × line current)
The Delta ( ) Connection
The neural line close not exist. Balanced impedances are connected
between each pair of lines.
b A ZP B
a
Zp Zp
n
c C
The Delta ( ) Connection
Voltage characteristics
VL 3V p ﹠ Vab 3V p 300
Current characteristics
Phase currents I p I AB I BC I CA
Line currents I L I aA I bB I cC 3I p
The Delta ( ) Connection
Y connections connections
Phase voltages Vp Vp
Line voltages VL 3V p VL 3V p
Phase currents Ip Ip
Line currents IL I p I L 3I p
The Delta ( ) Connection
• Example 4
Determine the amplitude of line current in a three-phase system with a line voltage
of 300V that supplies 1200W to a Δ-connected load at a lagging PF of 0.8.
Moreover, a lagging PF implies the voltage leads the current by argcos(0.8) = 36.9o
The impedance is: VP 300
ZP 36.9o 180∠ 36.9o
IP 1.667
Wattmeter P I V
I measured by measured by
current coil potential coil
current coil
Passive
Network
V
potential coil
E.g. I 11.18153.4A
V 1000V
P V I cosangV angI
100 11.18 cos0 153.4 1000W
Power measurement
A
Z P B
a
1 Z P Z P
b
c C
2
Power measurement
P1 VAB I aA cosarg VAB arg I aA VL I L cos 300
VL I L cos 300
P2 VCB I cC cosarg VCB arg I cC VL I L cos 900 120
VL I L cos 300 3 1
P1 cos 30 0
cos 30 cos sin 30 sin
0 0
tg
2 2
3 tg
P2 cos 300
cos 300 cos sin 300 sin 3 1
tg
3 tg
P2 P1 P2 P1 2 2
tg 3 arctg 3
P2 P1 P2 P1
Vab 2300Vrms
Vbc 230 120Vrms
Vca 230 120Vrms
Wattmeter 1 reads IaAand Vac :
V V 230 60Vrms
ac ca
230 30
V 3
IaA an
8.554 105.1A
4 j15 4 j15
Power measurement
a
.
A 4 j15
• Example 7
1
Wattmeter 1 reads : b .
B N
.
P1 Vac IaA cosangVac angIaA
230 8.554 cos 60 105.1 1389 W
2
230 150
IaB
V bn
3 8.554134.9A
4 j15 4 j15
Hence , P P1 P2 876.5W