Neoplasia

Classification and Nomenclature

of Neoplasms
 NEOPLASMS
Neoplasia = New growth
Abnormal mass of tissue due to uncontrolled proliferation of
the cells.
The mass of tissue is uncoordinated and unresponsiveness
with that of normal cell.
It can be benign or malignant.
Benign Cells that grow as a compact mass and remain at
their site of origin
Malignant  Growth of cells is uncontrolled cells can spread
into surrounding tissue and spread to distant sites.
 Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms

Benign
1- Well- differentiated.
2- Slow rate of growth.
3- Localized ( surrounding by capsule ).
4- No distant metastasis.
5- Innocent behavior.
 Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms

Malignant
1- Well- differentiated to undifferentiated
2- Rapid rate of growth.
3- Local invasion ( no capsule).
4- Positive distant metastasis.
5- Malignant behavior.
 Characters of anaplastic malignant cells
1- Pleomorphism (marked variation
in shape and size of cell).
2- Hyperchromatic (dark staining)
and large nuclei.
3- Increase nuclear cytoplasm ratio
1:1 ( normal 1:4 or 1:6).
4- Giant cells.
5- Lose of orientation to each other.
 Nomenclature of Neoplasms
Basic component of neoplasm: parenchyme
stroma
1-The parenchyma, made up of transforming
or neoplastic cells and reflect the biological
behavior of tumors.
2- The stroma, supporting, host derived and
non neoplastic made up of connective
tissue, blood vessels, and derived
inflammatory cells.
 Nomenclature of Neoplasms
Benign neoplasm: By adding the suffix - oma to
1- The name of cell from which the tumor arising
Fibrocyte - Fibroma
Chondrocyte - Chondroma.
2- The name of tissue
Blood vessels - Hemangioma.
 Nomenclature of Neoplasms
Benign neoplasm: By adding the suffix oma to
3- Macroscopic picture of epithelial tissue.
Papillae – Papilloma.
4- Microscopic picture of epithelial cells.
Adenoid ( glandular)- Adenoma.
 Nomenclature of Neoplasms
Malignant neoplasms:
1- Malignant neoplasm arising from mesenchymal tissue called – Sarcoma
fibrosarcoma,Leiomyosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma,Hemangiosarcoma.
2- Malignant tumor arising from epithelial cells called – Carcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma.
Squamous cell carcinoma.
Exceptions: Lymphoma, Hepatoma, Seminoma, Mesothelioma.
 Classification of neoplasms
According to biological behavior:
Benign and Malignant.
According to histogenesis (tissue of origin):
Composed of one parenchymal cell type:
1- Mesenchymal origin
A-Connective tissue
Fbroma Fibrosarcoma
Lipoma Liposarcoma
Osteoma Osteogenic sarcoma
 Classification of neoplasms
B- Endothelial and related tissues
Lymph vessels – Lymphangioma
Mesothelium - malignant mesothelioma
Brain coverings – Meningioma
Hematopietic cells - Leukemia.
C- Muscle
Smooth M- Leiomyoma –Leiomyosarcoma
Striated M- Rhabdomyoma – Rhabdomyosarcoma.

2- Epithelial origin
Squamous- Squamous papilloma.
Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cells - Basal cell carcinoma
 Classification of neoplasms
Epithelial lining of glands or ducts
Adenoma - Adenocarcinoma
Papilloma - Papillary carcinoma
Cystadenoma- Cystadenocarcinoma
Respiratory passages – Bronchial adenoma- bronchogenic carcinoma
 Classification of neoplasms
Composed of more than one type of parenchymal cells – Mixed tumor
( derived from one germ cell layer)
- Breast- Fibroadenoma
- Renal anlage - Wilm’s tumor
Composed of more than one type of parenchymal cells –
( derived from more than one germ cell layer)
Totipotential cells in gonad (ovary and testis)
Benign – Mature teratoma, dermoid cyst
Malignant- Immature teratoma
- Teratocarcinoma