WELCOME

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AIRCRAFT HYDRAULIC
SYSTEM
Guided by: Submitted by:
JOHAN GEORGE SACHIN C THOMAS
Asst. Professor S7 MECHANICAL
Mechanical Dept. ROLL NO: 43

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 CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Principle of Operation of hydraulic System
• Devices using hydraulic systems in aircrafts
• Schematic diagram of basic Hydraulic System
• Components of the Hydraulic system
• Advantages of Aircraft hydraulic system
• Conclusion
• References
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INTRODUCTION
• Aircraft hydraulic system - System in which liquid under high
pressure is used to transmit energy. Hydraulics is based on
principle that liquid are incompressible.
• A hydraulic pump converts mechanical power to hydraulic
power
• Actuating cylinder or turbine - converts hydraulic power to
mechanical power.
• used for the operation of many critical components of the
aircraft such as Opening and closing of doors and hatchways,
Shock absorption systems etc.

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LITERATURE REVIEW
Wang S, Tomovic . M, Liu. H – Aircraft Hydraulic Systems
(2016)
• Large amount of power can be formed to move heavy flight control
system with the hydraulic system
• Modern aircrafts use hydraulic fluid meets the specification of MIL-H-
5606, MIL-H-7644
Mike MacCready - Aviation Hydraulics (2017)
• Most of the critical component of the aircraft are operated by the aircraft
hydraulic system

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Syed Mufeez Ahmed - Study on the Basic Components of
Aircraft Hydraulic Systems(2016)
• Hydraulic system contains and confines a liquid in such a way that it
uses the laws governing liquids to transmit power and do the work.
• The primary and secondary functions of each component of the
hydraulic system such as reservoir, accumulator etc.

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Principle of Operation of Hydraulic System
• Governed by Pascal’s law.
• Pascal’s law –Pressure applied to any point of a confined fluid is
transmitted with undiminished intensity to every parts.

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Hydraulic fluid
Properties of Hydraulic fluid
A fluid should possess some properties such as:
• VISCOSITY
• CHEMICAL STABILITY
• FIRE POINT
• FLASH POINT

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 Types of hydraulic fluid used in aircraft
1. Vegetable base fluid (MIL-H-7644)
• Composed of castor oil and alcohol
• Colour- blue
• Flammable
2. Mineral base fluid (MIL-H-5606)
• Processed from petroleum
• Colour – red
• Flammable
3. Phosphate ester base fluid (skydrol)
• Non- petroleum based fluid
• Fire resistant
• Colour- clear purple
• Good low temp. characteristics and less corrosive side effects

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Devices using hydraulic systems in aircrafts

Landing gears
Shock absorption systems
Dive, landing, speed and flap brakes
Doors and hatchways
Bomb bay doors, wing flaps etc…

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Components of the Aircraft Hydraulic system
1. Reservoir
2. Power pump
3. Filter
4. Pressure Regulator
5. Accumulator
6. Check Valve
7. Hand pump
8. Pressure gauge
9. System Relief Valve
10. Selector valve
11. Actuating unit
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 RESERVOIR
• Used to store the hydraulic
fluid for the operation of the
system

• Act as a room for the thermal

expansion of the fluid

• Provide means for bleeding

air from system through vent
lines

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POWER PUMP
• Pump - device ‘that moves fluids with a mechanical action’.
• Used to create a flow of fluid within the system.
• Aircraft is commonly equipped with an engine driven pump or
electric motor driven pumps.
TYPES
1. Gear pumps: move fluid based upon the number of gear teeth
and the volume spacing between gear teeth.
2. Piston pumps: move fluid by pushing it through the motion
of the pistons within the pump

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PRINCIPLES OF GEAR PUMPS
• The liquid from the reservoir is pushed between the gear teeth.
• The oil is moved around to the other side by the action of the drive
gear itself and sent through the pressure line.

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PRINCIPLES OF RECIPROCATING PISTON PUMP
• As the cylinder block moves, space between the block and the pistons
increase, letting in more oil.
• As the block move from bottom dead center, the reverse occurs and
the pistons push oil out through the outlet

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 FILTER
• Used to remove foreign particles from the hydraulic fluid
• Prevents dust , grit and other foreign elements from entering the
system.
• The filter element prevents particles greater than 10 microns.

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 PRESSURE REGULATOR
• Used to manage the output pressure of the pump to a fixed system
operating pressure.
• When the pressure between the valve and the pump reaches the desired
value, the valve opens and passes the fluid back to the reservoir

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 ACCUMULATOR
• Designed with a compressed air chamber separated from the fluid by a flexible
diaphragm or movable piston.
• Acts as a shock absorber and also maintains an even pressure in the system.
• Also stores fluid under pressure to provide for emergency operation of the
actuating units.

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 CHECK VALVE
• Used to direct the flow of fluid in one direction only.
• Check valves are provided in different parts of the system to maintain
the flow in a single direction

Poppet type check valve

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HAND PUMP
• It is an emergency pump.
• Manually operated pump used to create fluid flow in the system when
the Power pump fails.

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RELIEF VALVE
• Safety valve used to bypass the fluid back to the reservoir when
excess pressure is formed in the system
• Prevents the failure of components or breakage of hydraulic lines of
the system due to high pressure forming

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 SELECTOR VALVE
• Controls the movement direction of
the actuating unit

• Switches the direction of fluid flow

through the actuator for forward
and reverse motion.

• Operated by solenoids or manually

by using mechanical linkage.

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 ACTUATING UNITS
• Converts fluid pressure into work by linear or reciprocating motion.

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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF BASIC
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM

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Advantages of Aircraft hydraulic system
• It is lighter in weight than alternate existing systems.
• It is reliable and easy to install
• The maintenance requirement is minimum.
• It can manage high force or torque.
• Its operations most efficient with only a negligible loss due to fluid
friction.

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CONCLUSION
• In this the aircraft hydraulic system is studied including the basic
components, different parts in the aircraft where the hydraulic system
is used.
• Hydraulic system is found to be the most reliable and efficient source
of power in an aircraft than pneumatic systems.

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REFERENCES

• Wang S, Tomovic . M, Liu. H – Aircraft Hydraulic Systems (2016)

• Mike MacCready - Aviation Hydraulics (2017)

• Syed Mufeez Ahmed - Study on the Basic Components of Aircraft
Hydraulic Systems(2016)
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_drive_system
• https://www.hydraulicspneumatics.com/other-technologies/gateway-
provides-iiot-capability

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THANK YOU

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