Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
number of numbers
Number Line: between each whole number
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
Natural Numbers : The numbers 1,2 ,3, 4,…. Used for counting are natural
numbers. 0, -7, 13.2, ⅞ are not.
Peano Postulates: PI. 1 N => 1 is a natural number
PII. For any n N, there is n* (i.e., a number n +1)
PIII. If n, m N, and m* = n*, then m = n
PIV. Any subset S of N is equal to N, if 1 N and mS
Basic laws: (symbol: = for all or every)
Closure Law: for m, n N, m + n N
Cumulative Law: m + n = n + m m, nN
Associate Law: m + (n + p) = (m + n) + p m, n, p N
Cancellation Law: m + p = n + p => m = n m, n, p N
Trichotomy Law: one and only one of the following is possible:
(a) m = n; (b) m > n; or (c) m < n
Transitive Law: m >n and n >p => m >p
Anti-Symmetric Law: m >n and m >n => m = n
Monotone property Law: m >n => m +p > n+ p and m > n => mp >np for
any m, n, p belonging to N
Number System
Integers: Whole numbers positive, negative or zero. +14, –29, 0
are integers; √7, 0.564, ¾ are not integers.
Odd numbers: 3, 5, 29; Even numbers: 4, 80, 38 etc
Prime Numbers: an integer other than 0 and 1 is a prime if and
only if its divisors (without reminder) are 1 and the number itself.
Ex: 3, 59, 83 etc.
Rational number: a number that can be expressed in the form p/q,
where p and q are any integer and q ≠ 0. Ex: ⅞, 3, 2.5,–¾ etc.
Rational numbers can be expressed in decimal form, both
terminating and non-terminating. Ex: 4/5 (terminating) or, 10/3,
29/ (both non-terminating, either recurring or non-recurring)
7
Irrational numbers: cannot be expressed in the form p/q as the
rational numbers can be. Ex: √3, (2 + √5) etc. √8 is irrational but 3 8
Is not.
All the types of numbers stated above are real numbers. There are
also imaginary numbers. Standard imaginary number is 1 = i and
i2 = –1, i3 = –i i4 =1, i5 = i Explain the concepts of complex
numbers (a + ib) and complex conjugate numbers.
Number System
Illustrations and Problems ab ab
For any two real number a and b, there is 2 such that a < <b
2
3 2i 3 2i (3 2i )(5 3i )
Solve: Solution: = find the answer, explain
5 3i 5 3i (5 3i )(5 3i )
3 2i 3 2i
d. Simplify
2 3i 2 3i
9 7i
e. Simplify:
2 3i