CHEMISTRY EDUCATION

2016

ENGLISH
COURSE
GROUP 4

M. BADRUL UYUN IRVANDAR NURIL LAILIYAH I.

NB
AHLAN RIWAHYU H. A UD
RUVL
I AA
NZDI
YZ T A M A M I BALQIS
 2996 people killed
 6000 people injured

Osama Bin Laden

“Al-Qaeda Leader”

9/11
DOMESTI PROBLEMS
C
IN AFGHANISTAN
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
(Landlocked country)
 POLITICAL OVERVIEW

Mujahidden Taliban
Government Government

1976-1986 1994 2001-NOW

1992-1996 1996-2001
Communist Taliban Militia Islamic Republic
Regime Emerge of Afghanistan
WOMEN
MOVEMENT IN
AFGHANISTAN
Composition of Women’s Movement

Women's Ministry
NGOs

55% 5%
Individuals

Networks 10%
10% Associations

20%
1920 First Era of Change
1920 Women’s issues are an integral part of
“national construction” (nation-building)
agendas

1927 Queen Surya spearheads the

establishment of Afghanistan’s first
women’s organization, the Anjuman-I-
Himayat-I-Niswan (Organization for
Women’s Protection and Legal Rights)

Women gain legal protections and enter

the fields of education & politics Queen Surya
of Afghanistan 1920
LATE 1920S AND
1930S Introduction of
income-generation
programs
Introduction of cultural
programs (including
the emergence of “Miss
Afghanistan”)
1940s- Advances in Economic Sphere
1950s Increase in women’s employment rate
 1960-1970 Second Era of Change
1964 Third constitution allows women
to enter electoral politics

Increase in women’s participation 1967

in education & politics
1980s F i r s t E r a of C h a n g e
Women are employed in significant numbers in the public and
private sectors (universities, businesses, airlines, hospitals,
cinema, police force, etc.).
1990-1994 Decline in Women’s Status
From 1992 women are increasingly excluded from
onward public service.
1994-2001 Gender Apartheid
Under the Taliban, women can only appear in public if they are dressed in a
complete head-to-toe garment, with a mesh-covered opening for their eyes.
2001-PRESENT Third Era of Change
Increase in women’s participation in socio-political sector
International community focuses on Afghan women for the first time
2001-PRESENT Third Era of Change
Women
Participate in
Livelihood,
Education, and
Media
Programs
2001-PRESENT Third Era of Change
Community
Mobilizatio
n Through
Women’s
Groups
2001-PRESENT Third Era of Change
Working
Through
Members of
Local
Government
2001-PRESENT Third Era of Change
A Wide Range of
Campaigns
 CHALLENGES FACING AFGHAN WOMEN
Challenges in Challenges in
Reaching Rural Security
Areas

Challenges in Legal
Capacity Challenges
Building

Challenges in the
Economic Sphere The Core Issue