Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Amino acids/Proteins
Chapter 17
Protein - More than an Energy Source
H dehydration
H2N CH C OH + H N CH C OH
hydrolysis
CH3 H
alanine (ala) glycine (gly)
O O
H
H2N CH C N CH C OH + H2 O
Ile - Gln
Vasopressin - diuretic
Tyr Asn
Cys Cys - Pro - Leu - Gly
S-S
Val- Ile-Gly Insulin (21 + 30)
Glu
Gln
Cys Cys-Ser-Leu-Tyr-Gln-Leu-Glu-Asn-Tyr-Cys-Asn
Cys-Thr-Ser-Ile
Cys-Gly-Ser-His-Leu-Val-Glu-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Leu-Val-Cys-Gly
Leu Glu
His Arg
H-bonding -
intramolecular
Tertiary Structure of Proteins
• Arises from weaker attractive forces (non
polar dispersion forces) between
hydrophobic parts of the same chain that are
widely separated in the primary structure,
but close in space
• “intramolecular”
• Results in chain twisting and folding
Dispersion forces
• Attractive when nuclei are separated by the
sum of their van der Waals radii
Tertiary structure of protein:
braids and globs
• Collagen-a fibrous protein (precursor of
gelatin) has a triple helix structure-some
elasticity due to interchain interactions
• Hemoglobin (a globular protein)
Tertiary Structure (30) - braids & globs
collagen
hemoglobin
Hemoglobin(H) and Myoglobin (M)
• H has 4 polypeptide chains : carries O2, CO2
and H+ in the blood, and possesses
quaternary structure
• M has a single chain of 153 amino acids:
carries O2 from the blood vessels to the
muscles and stores it until needed.
• Both have Fe II containing heme unit in
each chain that binds O2.
Myoglobin Structure
To summarize
• Myoglobin cannot have quaternary structure
since it has only one polypeptide chain
• Hemoglobin has 4 polypeptide chains and
possesses quaternary structure
Enzyme structure
• Many enzymes are proteins and their
specific binding properties to a substrate
depend on their overall molecular shape or
“conformation”
Lock and key mechanism for activity
Active Site of Enzymes
Denaturation -
any physical or chemical process that changes
the protein structure and makes it incapable of
performing its normal function.
Whether denaturation is reversible depends
on the protein and the extent of denaturation.
Examples:
heating egg whites (irreversible)
‘permanent’ waving of hair (reversible)
Protein Chemistry and your hair
• Forces combining to keep hair (a) straight
(b) in loose waves or (c) in tight curls are:
HSCH2COOH
H2O2
Use some Protein Chemistry on
your hair!
• Slightly basic solution of thioglycolic acid is used:
cleaves the disulfide links and makes new SH
bonds (reset hair)
• Then Dilute! Peroxide used in final Oxidation step
of “perm” (otherwise bleaching effect!)
Simple Conjugated
Fibrous
Globular
Albumins Globulins
• Nutr aceutical
Tryptophan therapy
• For sleep disorders
Other foods with tryptophan
• N: C=O
What are the products ?
• Reaction occurs around 300F
• Biscuit, popcorn, bread, tortilla flavour
(odour threshold is 0.06 ng/L)
Can you name this compound?
• Probably not!
• 2-acetyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine