development of the vernacular

education system in Malay community

• Informal school already exist before British arrival which emphasize the use of Bahasa
Melayu and Bahasa Arab
• Known as ‘madrasah’, ‘sekolah pondok’, ‘sekolah agama rakyat’
• At first, British do not intend to advance the Melayu’s education system because fear of
raising awareness against them
• But with the sultan's insistence, British agreed to establish only Malay vernacular primary
school
• At first, Malay vernacular school got no attraction, but Malay perception changed after
‘Rancangan Skinner’ was introduced
• Malay childen only got education till standard 4 and unable to hold high position
• In the 20th century, Malaysians became aware that English school education was more
prestigious
Morning Session Bahasa Melayu (in Jawi), Mathematics,
History, vocational subjects such as
agriculture
Evening Session Arab language, Al-Quran
 development of the vernacular
education system in Chinese
community
• influenced by the Confusius teaching which emphasizes the education
• the establishment of Chinese vernacular schools is an effort to maintain
their cultural& got no intervention from British
• British introduced the Ordinan Pendaftaran Sekolah to prevent the
absorption of communist ideology

• Characteristics :
• ideology of the mainland of china
• Co-curicculum, text books& teacher from China
• rich individual help from Chinese descent