Internet/Broadband-an overview

Faculty of Network Planning

ALTTC, Ghaziabad.
 Brief History of the Internet
 1968 - DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)
contracts with BBN (Bolt, Beranek & Newman) to create
ARPAnet
 1970 - First five nodes:
• UCLA
• Stanford
• UC Santa Barbara
• U of Utah, and
• BBN
 1974 - TCP specification by Vint Cerf
 1984 – On January 1, the Internet with its 1000 hosts
converts en masse to using TCP/IP for its messaging

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 Evolution of the Internet Age of
eCommerce
Mosaic Begins
WWW Created 1995
Internet Created 1993
Named 1989
and
Goes
TCP/IP TCP/IP
Created 1984
ARPANET 1972
1969
Hypertext
Invented
Packet 1965
Switching
First Vast Invented
Computer 1964
Network
Silicon Envisioned
A Chip 1962
Mathematical 1958
Theory of
Memex Communication
Conceived 1948
1945

1945 1995
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 Internet Growth Trends
 1977: 111 hosts on Internet
 1981: 213 hosts
 1983: 562 hosts
 1984: 1,000 hosts
 1986: 5,000 hosts
 1987: 10,000 hosts
 1989: 100,000 hosts
 1992: 1,000,000 hosts
 2001: 150 – 175 million hosts
 2002: over 200 million hosts
 By 2010, about 80% of the planet will be on the Internet

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 Growth of Internet Hosts *
Sept. 1969 - Sept. 2002

250,000,000

Sept. 1, 2002
200,000,000
No. of Hosts

150,000,000

100,000,000 Dot-Com Bust Begins

50,000,000

Time Period

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 Internet Users-Region Wise

250000000
2000
200000000
2004
150000000
100000000
50000000
0
AFR ASI EUR ME NA LA OCE

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 Growth Rate % (2000-2004)

200

150

100

50

0
AFR ASI EUR ME NA LA OCE

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Internet Access-World Share

OCE
LA 2% AFR
7% 1% ASI
NA 31%
29%

ME EUR
2% 28%

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 Internet Penetration %

100
80
60
40
20
0
USA UK AUS S-KR SWD SWZ ROW

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 Internet (Penetration% - Asia%)

70
Penetration %
60
Asia %
50
40
30
20
7.2

10
1.5

0
CHN IND JAP NPL PAK SGP SRL

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 Internet Users-2000 & 2004

100000000
2000
80000000
2004

16,580,000
60000000
40000000 5,000,000

20000000
0
CHN IND JAP NPL PAK SGP SRL

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 Growth Rate % (2000-2004)

1200
1000
800
% Growth

600
231.6

400
200
0
CHN IND JAP NPL PAK SGP SRL

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 Broadband Policy-2004
 Broadband connectivity as defined in
Broadband policy-2004 is an “always on” data
connection that is able to support interactive
services including Internet access and has the
capability of minimum download speed of 256
kbps to an individual subscriber from the POP
of the service provider

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 Broadband Policy-2004
 Salient Features:
• De-licensing of 2.40-2.48 Ghz band for outdoor low output
• Enabling VSAT operators to transmit data up to 2 Mbps (At
present 512 Kbps in CUG domestic network)
• Allowing DTH operators to give one way Internet facility.
For bi-directional VSAT license will be required.
• BSNL & MTNL to utilise copper and allowing them to enter
into arrangement with private players to utilise copper and
content creation

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 Broadband Services
 High speed Internet Access
 Video-on-Demand
 Interactive Games
 Share market dealing & personal banking
 News, travel & leisure information
 Music/Movie Download
 Chatrooms & newsgroups

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 Broadband Services
 E-mail & instant messaging
 Personal websites and online magazines
 Educational materials & research resources
 Tele-medicine
 Work at home
 Internet radio & webcast concerts

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 Broadband Users
 There are about 100 million Broadband
subscriber worldwide and are increasing by
about 2,00,000 every month
• Asia Pacific – 45%
• USA – 30%
• Europe, Middle East & Africa – 25%

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 Broadband Penetration %

30
25
25
20
15
10
1.4
5 0.02 0.4
0
IND MAL CHN KOR

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Internet v Broadband Sub’s in India
40M

40 Internet Sub’s

Broadband Sub’s
30
20M
18M
20
9M
6M
10 3M

0
2005 2007 2010

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 Broadband Technologies

Broadband Technologies

Wireless Wireline

3G Mobile DSL (Digital Sub’s Line)

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) Cable Modem

WiMAX Optical Fibre Technologies

LMDS & MMDS PLC (Power Line Communication)

FSO (Free Space Optics)

Satellite
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 Wireless LAN Standards
Standard Data Rate Distance Frequency
(Max.)
IEEE 802.11a 54 Mbps 50 Meters 5.0 GHz
IEEE 802.11b 11 Mbps 100 Meters 2.4 GHz
(Wi-Fi)
IEEE 802.11g
(Backward 54 Mbps 100 Meters 2.4 GHz
compatiable
with 802.11b)
HiperLAN2 54 Mbps 50 Meters 5.0 GHz
(ETSI Standard)

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 Broadband Wireless Technologies
 3G Mobile
• Based on WCDMA & CDMA
• Supports data rates
 144 kbps for outdoor mobile environment
 384 kbps in low mobility environment
 2 mbps in indoor environment
 Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
• Wireless LAN with Broadband option
• Most widely used LAN standard (IEEE 802.11b)
• Uses 2.4 Ghz band & delivers 11 mbps of data over distances
of 100 meters
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 Broadband Wireless Technologies
 WiMAX-Worldwide interoperability for
Microwave Access
• IEEE 802.16 standard defines the Wireless MAN air
interface specification
• Complements Wi-Fi by providing wireless
broadband backhaul to 802.11 hotspots and last mile
• Service area range of 50 kms
• Provides shared data rates up to 70 mbps in 2-11
Ghz band

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 Broadband Wireless Technologies
 LMDS & MMDS
• Provides point-to-multipoint two way broadband service
• LMDS-Local Multipoint Distribution System
 Operates in various bands such as 10.5 Ghz (8 kms) and 26 & 28 Ghz
(3 kms)
 Provides various interfaces at user end like E1, 4xE1, 10/100 BaseT
Ethernet etc.
• MMDS-Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System
 Operates in 2-3 Ghz (20-40 kms radius)
 Provides high speed data rates upto 10 Mbps

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 Broadband Wireless Technologies
 FSO (Free Space Optics)
• Also known as FSP (Free Space Photonics) or
Optical wireless
• Enables optical transmission of data through open
space at near infrared wavelengths (Tera Hz)
• Offers 10 Mbps-2 Gbps over few kilometers

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 Broadband Wireless Technologies
 Satellite
• Uses VSAT (very Small Aperture Terminals) &
DTH (Direct To Home) terminals
• C, Ku & Ka bands are used for services involving
fixed terminals
• L band is used for mobile services
• Offers data rates 9.6 Kbps for a handheld terminal
and 60 Mbps for a fixed VSAT terminal
• Future will support up to 155 Mbps

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 Broadband Wireline Technologies
 DSL-Digital Subscriber line
• Technology for high bandwidth to home and small
businesses over ordinary copper telephone lines
• Achievable data rate depends on the distance and
cable impairments

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 DSL Technologies
Technology ITU-T Distance Downstream Upstream
Standard Data Rate Data Rate
ADSL G-992.1 3.5 Kms 8 Mbps 640 Kbps
Splitterless ADSL G-992.2 4.0 Kms 1.5 Mbps 512 Kbps
ADSL- G-992.5 1.5 Kms 16 Mbps 100 Kbps
Extended Bandwidth
2 Wire High-Speed DSL G-991.2 3.0 Kms 2312 Kbps 2312 Kbps
4 Wire High-Speed DSL G-991.2 3.0 Kms 4624 Kbps 4624 Kbps
Very High-speed DSL G-993.1 300 Mts 52 Mbps 6-26 Mbps
Very High-speed DSL G-993.1 700 Mts 26 Mbps 26 Mbps

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 Broadband Wireline Technologies
 Cable Modem
• Allows high speed access to the Internet via a cable
television network
• Uses cable modem technology through the use of
Set-Top-Box at the customer premises

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 Broadband Wireline Technologies
 Optical Fibre Technologies
• Optical fibre with its unmatched capacity to carry
enormous amount of information over unlimited
distances can be deployed for broadband access in:
 PON (Passive Optical Network)
 FTTH (Fibre-To-The-Home)
 FTTC (Fibre-To-The-Curb)
 HFC (Hybrid Fibre Co-axial)

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 Broadband Wireline Technologies
 PLC-Power Line Communication
• Also referred as BPL (Broadband over Power Lines)
• Can provide broadband Internet access through
ordinary power lines
• Most extensive networks in the world, surpassing
the phone network as well as the cable network in
size and coverage
• Suffers from technological challenges due to
interference with noise, radio and television etc.

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