WELCOME

Fundamentals of
flight

By-
Prajwala M.S
Arshiya Sultana
The Four Forces on Flight
 The Four Forces on Flight

The four forces act on the airplane in flight

and also work against each other.
WEIGHT
And
LIFT
The earth ’ s gravity pulls
down on objects and gives
them weight .

Weight counteracts
lift .
What’s it take to create lift?
Air and motion.

How do we explain lift?

Newton’s Laws of Motion and
Bernoulli’s Principal are used to
explain lift.
Newton ’ s Second Law : force causes a
change in velocity which in turn
generates another force .
Newton ’ s Third Law : net flow of air
is turned down resulting in an
‘ equal and opposite ’ upward force .
Newton ’ s Third Law states that
for every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction .
Venturi Tube
® Bernouli’s first
practical use of
his theorem
® Where are venturi
tubes used today?
What is a wing?

® A wing is really just

half a venturi tube.
 Bernoulli’s Theory in Action

Air speeds up in the constricted

space between the car & truck
creating a low-pressure area.
Higher pressure on the other
outside pushes them together.
 A fluid (and air acts like a
fluid) speeds up as it moves
through a constricted space

Bernoulli ’ s Principle
states that , as air speeds
up , its pressure goes down .
Bernoulli's Principle :
slower moving air below
the wing creates greater
pressure and pushes up .
Bernoulli ’ s Principle : Air moving
over the wing moves faster than
the air below . Faster - moving air
above exerts less pressure on
the wing than the slower - moving
air below . The result is an
upward push on the wing -- lift !
Bernoulli ’ s Principal :
pressure variation
around the wing results
in a net aerodynamic
pushing up .
A wing creates lift due to
a combination of
Bernoulli ’ s Principal &
Newton ’ s Third Law
 Weight and Lift
For a plane to
take off, the lift
must be
greater than
the weight of
the plane.
® The plane weight is
bigger than the lift
that the plane
would be able to
create.


® The plane will not

take off because it
cant create
enough lift to over
come the added
weight.
 thrust
and drag
Thrust

Thrust is force which moves plane forward

Engines ( either jet or
propeller ) typically provide
the thrust for aircraft .
When you fly a paper
airplane , you generate the
thrust .
 Lift and thrust
Lift is created as
air flows over the
wings, hence
keeping the plane
in air.

Both have thrust.

Wings on planes
creates lift, Not
thrust.
 DRAG
Ø It is caused by
the resistance
of the wind.


Ø The shape and

speed of an
airplane
determines
how much drag
it has.
Drag can slow down a plane
 Thrust drag and speed

Speed INCREASES when thrust INCREASES

If thrust is INCREASED the drag will also

INCREASE a bit.
ØThrust is less than the amount of
drag.

Plane will start slowing down

What will happen when the
fire - fighting plane drops its
load of water?
Airplane Parts
CONCLUSION
THANK YOU