4.

Web Browsers, E-mail

clients and Messenger
Utilities
4.2. Role of web servers, clients

 Internet – client server technology

 Server – High end computer – provides services to clients
 Client – Computer/Program requests services from server
 Web Server – Computer accepting HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
requests from client, serves HTTP responses
 Web documents stored on web servers
 Users retrieve them using HTTP prtocol
4.3. Web Browser and their use

 Used to access internet and view web  Examples:

pages on computer
 Microsoft Internet Explorer
 Software , extracts information on user
request from internet and present as Web  Mozilla Firefox
page
 Google Chrome
 Web page – single electronic document
written in HTML  AOL Explorer
 Vary in content, design, size(purpose)  Apple Safari
 Save/Upload your HTML documents/
Webpages to web server , to be viewed
 Opera
on Web
 Browsers mostly freeware
 Surfing – Process to view information on
internet
Domain Naming System(DNS)

 DNS – hierarchical, distributed method of organizing namespace of

internet
 Groups hosts into hierarchy of authority, allows addressing , wide
distribution of information
 Worldwide system of servers – stores location pointers to websites
 Eliminates dependence on centrally maintained file that maps host
names to addresses
Universal Resource Locator(URL)
 Specifies internet address of file
stored on host computer or server
 Used to retrieve file from server
 File downloaded to users computer
or client
 Eg. http://www.msbshse.ac.in
 Every file on internet has unique URL
 URL locates webpage among all
computers connected to internet
 It contains protocol, server,
pathname of an item(eg. Help File of
Eudora)
 URL –
http://www.eudora.com/download/Eudora/windo
ws/7.1/QSG_71.pdf
 URL translated into numeric address using DNS
 Numeric address = IP(Internet Protocol) = real
URL
 Numeric strings difficult, Alphanumeric
addresses employed by end users
 Translation by DNS
 Browser contacts webserver, asks for specific
file located on its site
 ICANN(Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers) coordinates unique identifiers on
internet including domain names, IP addresses,
protocol ports, parameter numbers
 IP Address - 32 bit address – uniquely &
universally defines connection of a device
 Eg. 207.46.192.254 is also
www.microsoft.com
URL format
protocol://host/path/filename
Generic top-level domains Country codes
standardized by
( gTLDs) International Organization
 com commercial enterprise for Standardization as ISO
 edu educational institution 3166
 gov government entity  in India
 mil military entity  ch Switzerland
 net network access provider  de Germany
 org usually non- profit  jp Japan
organizations
 uk United Kingdom
Top level domain names approved in 2000 by ICANN
(Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers)

 .biz
 .museum
 .info
 .pro (for professionals)
 .name (for individuals)
 .aero (for the aerospace industry)
 .coop (for cooperatives)
How to get connected to Internet?

 Gateway Access  Lease Connection

 Dial- up Connection  Digital Subscriber Line

 Shell connection
 TCP/IP Connection  Cable Modem Connection
 ISDN(Integrated Services Digital
Network)
 Data card Internet connection
Gateway Access

 Known as Level – One connection

 Allows two different types of network to communicate with each
other.
 May not use all tools on internet.
 Eg. BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited)
 All access to internet from India are through BSNL gateway.
Dial – up Connection
 Known as Level Two connection
 Provides connection to internet through dial – up terminal connection.
 Computer providing internet access – Host
 Computer receiving internet access – Client or Terminal
 Client computer uses modem to access host & acts like terminal
directly connected to that host.
 56 Kbps modem used to surf web at 56 Kbps with graphics.
 Also known as Remote Modem Access connection
 Host carries all the commands typed on client machine and forwards
them to internet.
 Receives data or information from internet on behalf of the Client and
passes to them.
 Client computer – Dumb terminal
Dial – up Connection (Continued)
 A) Shell Connection:
 User gets textual matter of a webpage
 Does not support graphics display
 User able to surf internet, do FTP, receive mail
 Shell Accounts only type of internet access available for many years before
internet entered in world of graphics and became more user friendly

 B) TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) Connection:

 WWW browsers provide easier access with multimedia sound and pictures
 Displays both text and images
 Popular Internet Connection
 Shell accounts slowly phasing out from internet scenario
Dial – up Connection (Continued)
 C) ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network):
 Offers internet connectivity at speed up to 128 Kbps through use of digital
phone lines
 Dial – up service by telephone companies
 Combines two 64 Kbps channels to offer 128 Kbps band width broken into
three bands:
 One band for ringing of your phone
 One band for your telephone conversation
 One band for data
 To use ISDN: serial communication port, an ISDN modem, ISDN telephone line
from Telephone Company operating in your area
 To access dial – up accounts you need:
 Computer, Modem, Telephone Connection, Shell or TCP/IP/ISDN account from the ISP,
Internet browser
Lease Connection

 Known as direct Internet access or Level Three

connection
 It’s secure, dedicated, most expensive level of
internet connection
 Available online 24 hours a day, seven days a week
 Limited to large corporations and universities who
could afford the cost for leased line connection
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

 Latest technology being used for internet access

 DSL connects your home or office to internet through the same
telephone wire that comes from the telephone phone on the street
 User can make and receive telephone calls while being connected
simultaneously to internet
 DSL service limited in distance that you can be from provider’s point of
presence
 You need DSL modem( router) Network Interface Card (NIC), telephone
line
 Hardware designers working with ISP to make service cost effective
Cable Modem Connection

 High speed connection to internet from cable provider

 Offer high bandwidth connection to internet
 10 times faster than dial up connection
 Divides connection to lots of bands and translates the data in the bands
into signals that can be carried through cable lines
 Cable modems change these signals into IP packets that your computer
can understand
 To use you need: cable splitter, cable modem, service from cable
company
Data card Internet connection

 Data card available for internet connection

 User needs to plug in data card to computer for internet accessing
 Wireless internet facility
 Eg. Vodafone data card, Tata Indicom, Reliance, BSNL, MTNL
Step for Opening a Internet Explorer
Browser
 Click the Start button
 Go to Programs, highlight and click Internet Explorer
 Alternatively click internet explorer icon on Desktop