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LTE FUNDAMENTALS

SVEN-ANDERS STURESSON
Introduction
Why learn about LTE FUNDAMENTALS

› 20 minutes !
› LTE today – Rel 8
› LTE tomorrow – Rel 10

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 3


Scope and objectives
Objectives

› Explain the basics of the LTE radio interface


› Give an overview of the evolution of LTE

Scope

› Key LTE radio access features


› LTE in the future
› How to learn more

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 4


Overview
Key LTE radio access features
LTE radio access
OFDMA
Downlink: OFDM
Uplink: SC-FDMA SC-FDMA

Advanced antenna solutions


Diversity
Beam-forming TX TX

Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)

Spectrum flexibility
Flexible bandwidth
New and existing bands 1.4 MHz 20 MHz
Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 6


LTE Radio Access – Downlink
OFDM - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

› Large number of 15 kHz sub carriers


› Orthogonal: Other carriers zero at sampling point

User 1
User 2
User 3
f = 15 kHz

frequency
LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 7
LTE Radio Access – Uplink
SC-FDMA – Single Carrier FDMA (DFTS-OFDM)

› Pre-coded OFDM
› Similar to OFDM
– 15 kHz tones BUT consecutive
– Same time-domain structure
› Low Peak-to-Average Power Ratio
User 1
User 2
User 3

frequency
LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 8
LTE DL Physical Resources

12 sub-carriers

One Scheduling Block


(2 Resource Blocks)
180 kHz and 1 ms

frequency

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 9


Scheduling
Round-robin Max C/I Proportional fair
› Time domain
– Round-robin
– Max C/I
– Proportional fair

› Frequency domain Downlink


User 1
User 2
– Consecutive User 3
– Random
– Measurement based

frequency

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 10


Link adaptation
Layer 1 feature
Modulation scheme
› Time Domain (/user) QPSK 16QAM 64QAM

– Modulation scheme OFDM


symbol 2bits 4bits 6bits
– Channel coding

Channel coding

Data Control Data Control

› Frequency Domain (/SB)


– Not that common

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 11


Time dispersion

One OFDM symbol

Direct path Tu

Reflected path

Measured by UE

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 12


Cyclic prefix insertion
One OFDM symbol

Direct path TCP Tu

Reflected path

Measured by UE

CP: 4.7μs => 1.4km

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 13


Multi-antenna Transmission
Examples

Radio channel

MISO (Multiple In Single Out)


eNodeB Beam forming Terminal
device
Transmit diversity

Radio channel

SIMO (Single In Multiple Out)


eNodeB Terminal
Receive diversity
device

Radio channel

MIMO (Multiple In Multiple Out)


eNodeB All above + Terminal
Spatial multiplexing (MIMO) device

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 14


Spectrum Flexibility
› New and existing bands
› FDD and TDD
› Flexible bandwidth

1.4MHz: 6 Scheduling Blocks

20 MHz: 100 Scheduling Blocks

LTE Channel bandwidths [MHz] 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 15


LTE DL peak rate
20 MHz and 4x4 MIMO AND 64 QAM

14 OFDM symbols per 1.0 ms subframe


64QAM = 6 bits per symbol
6 x 14 = 84 bits per 1.0 ms subframe

84bits/1.0ms = 84kbps per subcarrier


12 x 84kbps = 1.008Mbps per Scheduling Block
100 Scheduling Blocks in 20MHz
100 x 1.008Mbps = 100.8Mbps per antenna

4 x 4 MIMO: 403.2Mbps ! …and UL


no MIMO
BUT in reality approx. 300Mbps 75Mbps

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 16


LTE in the Future – Evolution!
› LTE Advanced study in 3GPP
– Start March 2008
– Expected Release 10 (2011)

› LTE Advanced => LTE 3GPP Rel 10

› Major enhancements
– Higher peak rates
– Relaying solutions

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 17


LTE 3GPP Rel 10
Higher peak rates
20 MHz

› Carrier aggregation

100 MHz total bandwidth

20 MHz 20 MHz

› Spectrum aggregation
40 MHz total bandwidth

› DL/UL Multi-Antenna transmission 4

Peak rates: 3Gbps/1.5Gbps !


LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 18
1.2Gbps demonstrated at MWC2010
› 4 x 20 MHz
› DL 4x4 MIMO
› Commercial
hardware

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 19


Summary
LTE FUNDAMENTALS
› LTE radio access OFDMA
SC-FDMA

› Advanced antenna solutions


TX TX

› Spectrum flexibility
1.4 MHz 20 MHz

› LTE in 3GPP Release 10

LTE Fundamentals Tutorial | Commercial in confidence | 2010-05-25 | Page 21


HOW TO LEARN MORE

› LTE in Product catalog


› Training courses
› LTE/EPC Competence Space
› LTE/EPC Business Tutorials
› MWC2010 in PCAT

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