Cognitive Development

Middle And Late Adulthood

Mohd Shafiq Bin Mohd Zolkfali
Mohd Hydayatt Bin Omar
Saprianto Bin Junaidi
GR
Muhammad Faizul Bin Ismail 7 OU
Ahmad Syafikar Bin Abu
Jauhari Bin Mohamad Jailani
P
Muhamad Farhan Bin Muhammad Tajmuddin
 Cognitive Development
• Is a behavior represents another approach to understanding the
effects of learning on the instigation of behavior.
• In the process of learning that particular behaviors can lead to
particular goals, expectations about the goals are established and the
goals acquire values.
Cognitive Development Middle And
Late Adulthood
Type of Intelligence
• Fluid intelligence consists of reasoning ability, memory capacity,
and speed of information processing. It involves such skills as
those requiring spatial and visual imagery and is generally believed to
be much less affected by experience and education than is crystallized
intelligence.
• Crystallized intelligence concerns the application of knowledge to
problem solving. It includes abilities such as verbal and
numerical skills and is generally believed to be affected by
experience and formal education.
 Reasoning ability:
• Logical thinking
• Rational
• Given statement based on knowledge
and experience
Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood
40 – 65 65 and above
 Memory capacity
• Short‐term memory
• Long‐term memory
• Memory Retrieval
• Memory Loss: Forgetting
Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood
40 – 65 65 and above
 Speed of information
processing:
• Reaction time
• Learning process
• Analysis data
Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood
40 – 65 65 and above
 Problem solving
• Application of knowledge and experience to
solve practical problem
• Advances in expertise, or specialized knowledge
• Handling life and work stress

Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood

40 – 65 65 and above
Verbal ability:
• Language learning
• Fluency of spoken
• Vocabulary and Terms of word

Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood

40 – 65 65 and above
Numerical skills
• Use in Career
• Budget Planning

Middle Adulthood Late Adulthood

40 – 65 65 and above
Middle Adulthood Cognitive
Development
• In middle adulthood, the cognitive demands of everyday life extend to
new and sometimes more challenging situations
• Middle adulthood is a time of expanding responsibilities either on the
job, in the community, and at home
• To juggle diverse roles effectively on a wide array of intellectual
abilities
• Including accumulated knowledge, verbal fluency, memory, rapid
analysis of information, reasoning, problem solving, and expertise in
their areas of specialization.
 Late Adulthood Cognitive
Development
• Intellectual changes result in reduction of ability to solve
problems and make decisions
• Decline in cognitive performance in 40% to 60%
• Dementias disorders are usually responsible for cognitive
defects seen in about 15% of people over 65 and older.
• Alzheimer's disease that begins with confusion and memory
lapses and ends with the loss of ability to care for oneself.

(K. Warner Schaie and Sherry Willis, United States )