PLAGIARISM

It is the "wrongful appropriation" and

"stealing and publication" of
another author's "language, thoughts,
ideas, or expressions" and the
representation of them as one's
own original work.
 ACCORDING TO THE MERRIAM-
WEBSTER ONLINE DICTIONARY, TO
"PLAGIARIZE" MEANS
to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of
another) as one's own
to use (another's production) without crediting the
source
to commit literary theft
to present as new and original an idea or product
derived from an existing source
In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It
involves both stealing someone else's work and
lying about it afterward
BUT CAN WORDS AND IDEAS
REALLY BE STOLEN?

Article is an intellectual property

and is protected by copyright laws,
just like original inventions. Almost
all forms of expression fall under
copyright protection as long as they
are recorded in some way (such as a
book or a computer file).
 According to Bela Gipp[ academic
plagiarism encompasses:

• "Theuse of ideas, concepts,

words, or structures
without appropriately
acknowledging the source
to benefit in a setting where
originality is expected."
 According to T. Fishman, plagiarism
occurs when someone:
• Uses words, ideas, or work products
• Attributable to another identifiable person or
source
• Without attributing the work to the source
from which it was obtained
• In a situation in which there is a legitimate
expectation of original authorship
• In order to obtain some benefit, credit, or gain
which need not be monetary
 Plagiarism
• Stanford sees plagiarism as the "use,
without giving reasonable and
appropriate credit to or acknowledging
the author or source, of another
person's original work, whether such
work is made up of code, formulas,
ideas, language, research, strategies,
writing or other form."
 Plagiarism

• Yale views plagiarism as the "... use of

another's work, words, or ideas without
attribution," which includes "... using a
source's language without quoting,
using information from a source without
attribution, and paraphrasing a source
in a form that stays too close to the
original."
 Plagiarism

• Princeton perceives plagiarism as

the "deliberate" use of
"someone else's language, ideas,
or other original (not common-
knowledge) material without
acknowledging its source."
 Plagiarism

• Oxford College of Emory

University characterizes
plagiarism as the use of "a
writer's ideas or phraseology
without giving due credit."
 Plagiarism
• Brown defines plagiarism as "...
appropriating another person's
ideas or words (spoken or written)
without attributing those word or
ideas to their true source."
Common forms of student plagiarism

According to “The Reality and

Solution of College
Plagiarism” created by the Health
Informatics department of
the University of Illinois at
Chicago there are 10 main forms of
plagiarism that students commit:
 Common forms of student plagiarism

• Submitting someone’s work as their own.

• Taking passages from their own previous
work without adding citations.
• Re-writing someone’s work without properly
citing sources.
• Using quotations, but not citing the source.
• Interweaving various sources together in the
work without citing.
• Citing some, but not all passages that should be
cited.
• Melding together cited and uncited sections of
the piece.
• Providing proper citations, but fails to change
the structure and wording of the borrowed
ideas enough.
• Inaccurately citing the source.
• Relying too heavily on other people’s work. Fails
to bring original thought into the text.
WHAT ABOUT IMAGES, VIDEOS, AND
MUSIC?
• Copying media (especially images) from other
websites to paste them into your own papers or
websites.
• Making a video using footage from others’
videos or using copyrighted music as part of the
soundtrack.
• Performing another person’s copyrighted music
(i.e., playing a cover).
• Composing a piece of music that borrows
heavily from another composition
• A photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for
example: using a photograph of a book cover to
represent that book on one’s website)
• Recording audio or video in which copyrighted music
or video is playing in the background.
• Re-creating a visual work in the same medium. (for
example: shooting a photograph that uses the same
composition and subject matter as someone else’s
photograph)
• Re-creating a visual work in a different medium (for
example: making a painting that closely resembles
another person’s photograph).
• Re-creating a visual work in the same
medium. (for example: shooting a
photograph that uses the same composition
and subject matter as someone else’s
photograph)
• Re-creating a visual work in a different
medium (for example: making a painting that
closely resembles another person’s
photograph).
• Re-mixing or altering copyrighted images, video
or audio, even if done so in an original way.
• The legality of these situations, and others,
would be dependent upon the intent and
context within which they are produced. The
two safest approaches to take in regards to
these situations is: 1) Avoid them altogether or
2) Confirm the works’ usage permissions and
cite them