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Prevalence:
Women 25% (lifetime)
Men 8% (lifetime)
28 million persons have migraine each year in the U.S.
Highest from 25-50 years of age
Genetics
About 70% of migraineurs have a positive family history in a
first-degree relative
Unknown mode of transmission
Strange (Scary) Facts
1.2.3.1.1 Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1) 1.6 Episodic syndromes that may be associated
with migraine
1.2.3.1.2 Familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 (FHM2)
1.6.1 Recurrent gastrointestinal disturbance
1.2.3.1.3 Familial hemiplegic migraine type 3 (FHM3)
1.6.1.1 Cyclical vomiting syndrome
1.2.3.1.4 Familial hemiplegic migraine, other loci
1.6.1.2 Abdominal migraine
1.2.3.2 Sporadic hemiplegic migraine (SHM)
1.6.2 Benign paroxysmal vertigo
1.2.4 Retinal migraine
Time
15% of patients
Episode of focal
neurologic changes
Develop over 5 to
15 minutes & last up
to 60 minutes
Visual, weakness,
numbness,
confusion
Headache
Depression
Drowsiness
Cognitive changes
Memory loss
Difficulty with concentration
Treatment philosophy
Avoid triggers!
Maintain regular sleep schedule
Maintain regular meal schedule
Low tyramine
Limit caffeine
Avoid nitrates/nitrites/MSG
Limit chocolate
Reduce stress
Adequate water intake
Treatment Options
Two Treatment Approaches
•Acute therapy
Work quickly to relieve migraine pain and
other symptoms
Are taken only at migraine onset
•Preventative therapy
Prevent or reduce the number of migraine
attacks
Are taken on a daily basis
Migraine Abortives
NSAIDs
Triptans
Acetaminophen/Butalbital/Caffeine
OTC migraine preparations “Excedrin Migraine”
DHE
Acute Treatment
NSAIDS
Inhibit prostaglandin formation, thus reducing inflammation
Naproxen
Ibuprofen
ASA
COX2 inhibitors
Acute Treatment
Triptans
Selective 5-HT1B/1D agonists
Block actions of 5-HT such as dilation of cranial arteries/AV anastomoses,
neurogenic dural plasma extravasation
Use early!
More effective in mild/moderate pain
Caution about rebound
Acute Treatment
Triptans:
Almotriptan (Axert)
Eletriptan (Relpax)
Frovatriptan (Frova)
Naratriptan (Amerge)
Rizatriptan (Maxalt)
Sumatriptan (Imitrex)
Zolmitriptan (Zomig)
Acute Treatment
Triptans
Relative contraindication:
Complicated migraine
CAD, CVD, PVD
Smoker + oral contraception
Severe HTN
Acute Treatment
Ergotamine tartrate
Available for over 50 years
Vasoconstrictors
Oral, SL, IV, PR
Caution about rebound, dependence
Contraindicated:
CVD
CAD
PVD
Severe HTN
Sepsis
CKD
Hepatic disease
Pregnancy
Acute Treatment
OTC agents
Cautious of rebound!
Seizure Medications
Topiramate, valproate, gabapentin, zonisamide
Blood Pressure Medications
Beta Blockers: propranalol, nadolol
Ca+ Channel Blockers: verapamil
Antidepressants
Tricyclics: amitriptyline, nortriptyline
Combos: venlafaxine
Botulinum Toxin
Primary Most
Sponsoring INN or Code Molecular Advanced
Company Name Format Target Phase Indications
Alder
ALD403/ Humanize Migraine
Biopharmac CGRP Phase 3
eptinezumab d IgG1 prevention
euticals
Migraine
Eli Lilly and LY2951742/ Humanize and cluster
CGRP Phase 3
Company galcanezumab d IgG4 headache
prevention
Teva
TEV‐48125/ Humanize Migraine
Pharmaceu CGRP Phase 3
frestanezumab d IgG2 prevention
ticals
No aggravation by walking up
stairs or similar routine physical
activity
Acute
NSAIDs
Acetaminophen
Muscle relaxers ?
Chronic
TCA
Physical Therapy
OMT
Occipital Nerve Block
Cluster Headache
Cluster Headache: Diagnostic
Criteria
At Least 5 Attacks Fulfilling the Criteria Below
Frequency Description of Headache Associated Symptoms
of attacks:
1 every All of the Following: AND One of the Following
other day Severe Present on the Pain Side:
to 8 per
day Unilateral orbital, Conjunctival Miosis
supraorbital, and/or injection
Ptosis
temporal location Lacrimation
Eyelid edema
Lasts 15 to Rhinorrhea
180 minutes
(untreated) Nasal congestion