Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name of the Staff : G.S. Radha
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : EEE
Institute : GPW, Kadapa
Semester : VI
Subject : A C Machines II
Subject code : EE603
Topic : 1 Phase Induction Motors(3/4)
Duration : 100 minutes
Sub Topic : Cross Field Theory
Teaching aids : PPT, Animations, Diagrams
9EE603.54TO55 1
 Recap

In the previous class we studied about

• Double field revolving theory

• What does this theory tell about

9EE603.54TO55 2
 Recap
• Into how many components he resultant stator flux can be
resolved

• Two

• Are these two fluxes rotating or not?

• Yes

9EE603.54TO55 3
 Recap

• Net torque on rotor is zero why?

• Torque due to two fluxes are equal & opposite

• How to produce torque on rotor?

• By giving an initial start to rotor

9EE603.54TO55 4
 Objectives

On completion of this topic, you would be able

to Know about

• Cross field theory of single phase induction motor

9EE603.54TO55 5
 How to Rotate the Rotor
• When 1-ph supply is given to 1-
ph stator winding
• Stator coil carries current Stator coil wound for four poles
• During first half cycle of a.c.
through stator coil,
• Current direction is
• Inward in the lower half of the
conductors and Outward in the
upper half of the conductors
• Due to this current, flux is
developed
• Direction of flux given by thumb
rule
9EE603.54TO55 6
Fields due to stator conductor currents and the
resultant stator field

9EE603.54TO55 7
Cross Field Theory

Action of I Phase motor at Starting

9EE603.54TO55 8
 Cross Field Theory

• The direction of flux is horizontal

• Thus north pole & south pole are established

• thus the net flux due to stator coil current is

horizontal

9EE603.54TO55 9
 Cross Field Theory

ROTOR FLUX
• Rotor receives power from the stator by transformer
action
• Direction of current in rotor conductors is Inward in the
upper half and Upward in the lower half
• These currents also establishes poles on rotor
• Flux direction given by thumb rule
• It is also horizontal

9EE603.54TO55 10
Cross – Field Theory

9EE603.54TO55 11
 Cross Field Theory

• The fields of stator & rotor currents are aligned

• Rotor conductors In the upper half are pulled downwards

and In the lower half are pulled upwards

• So net force on the rotor is zero

9EE603.54TO55 12
 Cross Field Theory

• Give an initial start to rotor

• Rotor conductors cut the stator flux
• Emf is generated in rotor due to generator action
• The direction of emf is given by FRH (Fleming right
hand) Rule
• Current direction is Outward to one side of the vertical
axis and Inward to the other side of the vertical axis

9EE603.54TO55 13
Cross Field Theory

Action of I phase motor at running

9EE603.54TO55 14
 Cross Field Theory
• Rotor has low R & high X

• So rotor current lags the stator current by 90°

• The field of rotor current is at right angles to the field of

stator current

• Thus the field of rotor is called cross field

• Due to the cross field, rotor rotates

9EE603.54TO55 15
Cross Field Theory

9EE603.54TO55 16
 Conclusions

• When Rotor is given an initial start by some external

means
• Then cross field is developed due to generator
action
• Cross field is present only when the rotor is rotating
• Its field strength depends on the speed of the rotor
• Induction motor must run at speed less than
synchronous speed
• So cross field is some what weaker than the stator
field

9EE603.54TO55 17
 Conclusions

• Thus the rotating field produced is not of constant

magnitude (as that of 3-ph IM), but irregular

• Thus the torque is pulsating

• This pulsating torque produces noise and vibrations

• So they are set on rubber or spring mounts to reduce

noise which is inherent

9EE603.54TO55 18
 Conclusions

• At stand still No cross field is present Only pulsating

field is present

• So no rotation in rotor

9EE603.54TO55 19
 Conclusions

• If the rotor is rotated by some external means

• It will continue to develop torque in the direction of

rotation

• The torque is pulsating

9EE603.54TO55 20
 Summary

We have discussed about

• Cross-Field revolving theory

9EE603.54TO55 21
 Quiz

1.When the motor is at stand receives power still, it

from the stator by

• A) Transformer action

• B) Generator action

• C) Both

• D) None

9EE603.54TO55 22
 Quiz

2.When the motor is at standstill

• A) Cross field is present

• B) Cross field is absent

• C) None

9EE603.54TO55 23
 Quiz

3.How to develop cross field

• A) By giving an initial start to rotor

• B) By giving an initial start to stator

• C) None

9EE603.54TO55 24
 Quiz
4.When the motor is under running conditions,
Rotor receives power from stator by

• A) Transformer action

• B) Generator action

• C) Both

• D) None

9EE603.54TO55 25
 Quiz
5.When the motor is running ,the direction of rotor
current is given by

• A) Fleming’s left hand rule

• B) Fleming’s right hand rule

• C) Thumb rule

• D) None

9EE603.54TO55 26
 Quiz
6.The angle between rotor emf and rotor current is

• A) 30°

• B) 90°

• C) 60°

• D) 0°

9EE603.54TO55 27
 Fill up the Blanks

• Cross field is present when the rotor is - (running,

standstill)
• Running
• Cross field is absent when the rotor is_ (running,
standstill)
• Standstill
• The strength of the cross field depends upon_ (speed,
number of poles)
• Speed
• Cross field is some what - than stator field (greater,
weaker)
• Weaker

9EE603.54TO55 28
 Fill up the Blanks

• _ is the reason for noise & vibrations of single phase

induction motor
• (torque pulsations , current pulsations)
• Torque pulsations
• Reversal of direction of one phase induction motor
should be done when the motor is at _
• (rest , running)
• Rest

9EE603.54TO55 29
 Frequently Asked Questions

• Explain double revolving field theory of 1-phase IM

• Draw the speed torque characteristics of 1-phase IM

• Explain cross field theory of 1-phase IM

• Explain why a 1-phase IM is not self starting

9EE603.54TO55 30
 Assignment

• Draw the current and flux direction of stator conductors

during the second half of supply a.c

• Draw the current and flux direction of rotor conductors

during the second half of supply a.c

9EE603.54TO55 31