Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
By S K Mondal
Shaper
The relative motions between the tool and the workpiece,
shaping and planing use a straight-line cutting motion with a
single-point cutting tool to generate a flat surface.
In shaping, the workpiece is fed at right angles to the cutting
motion between successive strokes of the tool.
For either shaping or planing, the tool is held in a clapper box
which prevents the cutting edge from being damaged on the
return stroke of the tool.
Relatively skilled workers are required to operate shapers and
planers, and most of the shapes that can be produced on
them also can be made by much more productive processes,
such as milling, broaching, or grinding.
Shaper
Quick return motion Mechanism
Quick return motion Mechanism
In shaping, the cutting tool is held in the tool post
located in the ram, which reciprocates over the work
with a forward stroke, cutting at velocity V and a quick
return stroke at velocity VR.
The rpm rate of the drive crank (Ns) drives the ram and
determines the velocity of the operation.
3. The ram reverses quickly without any shock due the hydraulic
cylinder utilised. The inertia of the moving parts is relatively small.
4. The range and number of cutting strokes possible are relatively large
in hydraulic shaper.
5. More strokes per minute can be achieved by consuming less time for
reversal and return strokes.
Planer
Planing can be used to produce horizontal, vertical, or
inclined flat surfaces on workpieces that are too large to
be accommodated on shapers.
Planing is much less efficient than other basic
machining processes, such as milling, that will produce
such surfaces.
Planing and planers have largely been replaced by planer
milling machines or machines that can do both milling
and planing.
Slotter
Slotting machine is basically a vertical axis shaper. Thus
the workpieces, which cannot be conveniently held in
shaper, can be machined in a slotter.
Generally, keyways, splines, serrations, rectangular
grooves and similar shapes are machined in a slotting
machine.
The stroke of the ram is smaller in slotting machines
than in shapers to account for the type of the work that
is handled in them.
Slotter
Slotter
The types of tools used in a slotter are very similar to
those in a shaper, except that the cutting actually takes
place in the direction of cutting.
However, in view of the type of surfaces that are possible
in the case of slotter, a large variety of boring bars or
single-point tools with long shanks are used.
IAS - 1994
Stroke of a shaping machine is 250 mm. It makes 30
double strokes per minute. Overall average speed of
operation is
(a) 3.75 m/min (b) 5.0 m/min
(c) 7.5 m/min (d) 15 m/min
GATE-2012 (PI)
In a shaping process, the number of double strokes per
minute is 30 and the quick return ratio is 0.6. If the
length of the stroke is 250 mm, the average cutting
velocity in m/min is