Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ADULT ONSET
MINIMAL CHANGE DISEASE
Nephrology Grand Rounds
Aditya Mattoo, MD
October 20th, 2009
Outline
Background
Pathophysiology
Etiologies
IgA and MCD
Clinical Findings
Treatment
Prognosis
BACKGROUND
Background
Transfected rats
demonstrated significant
albuminuria,
hypoalbuminemia and
hypercholesterolemia when
compared to controls.
Kin-Wai L et al. JASN 18: p 1476, 2007.
Permeability Factor – IL-13
Secondary
Drugs – NSAIDs, gold, rifampin, penicillins,
trimethadione
Toxins - mercury, lead
Atopic agents - bee stings, poison ivy, pollen
Infection – Syphilis, Infectious mononucleosis, HIV
Tumor - Hodgkin lymphoma (most commonly), other
lymphoproliferative diseases, carcinomas
Other glomerular diseases – IgA nephropathy, Lupus,
PKD.
Glassock R. NDT 18:p vi52, 2003.
IgA and MCD
Albeit an uncommon occurrence, mesangial IgA
deposition in MCD has been reported since the 1980s
in a few case series.
Age 41 42 37 28 57 45 12wk-16yr
Renal insufficiency (SCr > 1.3mg/dl) 18% 61% 55% 15% 33% 18% 29%
Clinical Findings – MCD Patients with AKI
Number of
Patients 40 89 51 33 62 95 401
Steroid
Resistance 2% 9% 8% 3% 2% 8% 5%
Glucocorticoid Treatment Response
There were no features at presentation that predicted a
response (or lack thereof) to steroids.
Responders tended to have a slightly lower serum
creatinine at presentation compared with nonresponders
but this was not statistically significant (1.3 vs 1.6mg/dl).
Of note, seven steroid resistant patients underwent
repeat biopsy in the Waldman study, FSGS was identified
in six cases. (whether the diagnosis of FSGS was missed
on initial biopsy or there was progression to FSGS is
uncertain).
Nakayama et
Study Korbet et al Nolasco et al Mak et al Fujimoto et al al Waldman et al ISKDC
Number of
Patients 40 89 51 33 62 95 401
Total Relapses
Lemivasole
- An immunomodulator which enhances antibody
production and phagocytic activity of PMNs and
monocytes, has been used in children with frequent
relapses and steroid-dependence with increasing rates
of steroid free remissions.
- A few case reports in adults suggesting possible role in
the treatment of MCD.
Rituximab
PROGNOSIS
Prognosis
Complications of
nephrotic syndrome have
been reported in 21% of Study
Korbet et
al
Nolasco
et al Mak et al
Fujimoto
et al
adults in long term follow up Number of
including: Patients 40 89 51 33
Follow up 54 91 169 46
- Thrombotic events 13% (mo)
- Life threatening
Nephrotic 20% 6% 2% 3%
infections 11%
- Myocardial infarction 9% ESRD 5% 1% 2%
Death 8% 17% 2% 3%
Mortality rate is higher in
adults as compared to
children which is
approximately 3%.
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