FTP on FTTH

1 Introduction to FTTH

2 FTTH Optical Power Levels and Losses, Do’s & Don’ts

3 Alternative methods to overcome OLT Scarcity

4 Hands on with Power Meter, VFL and Splitter

5 Configuring FTTH ONT, Switch

Optical Fibre Cables
 Contains Glass Fibres
 6F, 12F, 24F, 48F, 96F or 288F
 Connect our Exchanges, Mobile Towers
and leased line customers.
 Laid Underground
Optical Fibre Communication

Source Receiver

 Invisible LASER is sent through the glass fibre

 Most LASER power output is around 1milli Watt and so Not

harmful even when viewed using naked eye.
 Advantages of Optical Fibres
 Non Conductive - Made of Glass

 Electromagnetic Immunity - Suitable for lightning prone

areas and near power lines

 Not Affected by Moisture or Water – High Quality Service

 Infinite Bandwidth

 Longer distances

 Chance of Theft is low as resale value for glass is less

FTTH Fibre To The Home
aims to fully utilise the benefits of Optical Fibre
Cable,
by extending it,
right upto the customers WIFI Router or Computer.
 FTTH Architecture-
Passive Optical Network (PON)

 Optical Line Terminal (OLT) at Exchange

 Optical Network Terminal/Unit (ONT/ ONU) at House
 Passive Optical Splitters (POS)
 The term Passive means that there is no power supply
needed in the distribution network.
OLT

ONT2

ONT1

Splitter
 FTTH Vs Legacy ADSL Network
ONT

Splitter ONT similar to

similar toDP Box
may be installed at Flat BB Modem
Basement or Posts at Customer premises

OFC similar to Splitter

OLT ONT
primary cable.
Existing underground cable
6F to 288F

OLT ONT

similar to
DSLAM
at Exchange
ONT
 FTTH PON Advantage
 High Speed, up to 1000 Mbps(1Gbps) per customer

 Upto 32 / 64 / 128 customers in a single fibre.

 Symmetrical speeds (Suitable for video transmission like

SKYPE or surveillance camera)

 Two different phone numbers for voice using same ONT

 FTTH PON Advantage-Cont’d

 Multiple broadband connections using same ONT

 Covers long distance, upto 20 kms

 Since Splitters do not need power they can be placed any

where between XGE(OLT) and House(ONT)

 All BSNL services (Internet Leased Line, Point to Point

Leased Line, MPLS VPN) except ISDN possible.
 OLT
 Each OLT has multiple PON ports. In BSNL OLTs,
this varies from 10 to 20. OLTs with around 4 ports
are used by LCOs. (Local Cable Operators)

 BSNL OLTs allow 32 customers(ONTs) per port***.

Others’ OLTs allow 64 to 128 customers per port.

 So maximum 320(10 port) to 640(20 port)

customers can be served from each BSNL OLT.
 Single Fiber Per Customer
PON transmits and receives over a single fibre.
– Downstream Wavelength: 1490 nM.
– Upstream Wavelength : 1310 nM.

Works upto 20KM distance between OLT and ONT.

Can go upto 60KMs if no splitters are used, ie only a single premium
customer connected to a port.

BSNL Exchange
 Two PON Types
PON Down Stream

PON Up Stream
ONT
OLT
.

1. GPON Gigabit Passive Optical Network

(Each port 2.5 Gbps Downstream and 1.25 Gbps upstream)
Vendor : Alphion. . OLT & ONT: Alphion
Vendor : Sterlite. OLT & ONT: Huawei

2. EPON/ GEPON Ethernet PON/ Gigabit Ethernet PON

(Each port 1.25 Gbps in both directions)
Vendor: ICOM OLT & ONT : UTStarcom
OLT Vendors Business Area Wise
Alphion ICOM (UTStarcom) Sterlite (Huawei)

Ernakulam(41) Thiruvananthapuram(5) Malappuram(1)

Pathanamthitta (2) Kozhikode(3) Kannur(1)

Kottayam(3) Thrissur(7) Palakkad(1)

Alappuzha(2) Kannur(3)

Kollam(2) Palakkad(1)

Palakkad(2)

Malappuram(3)

EKM has highest number of OLTs around 41. Other

BAs have OLTs ranging from 1 to 7. Total 77.
Splitters- Single Input and Multiple Outputs

Regional Telecom Training centre,Trivandrum

 Splitters
 Used to split optical power from a single fibre from the OLT
port to multiple customers.

 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32 etc supplied by vendors available.

 Higher splits causes higher power loss and hence the

distance that can be covered decreases. For example 1x2
Splitter sends 50% power out through each output port.
1x4 sends 25% power out through each of four Ports.

 Ratio Splitters (5%:95%, 10%:90%) etc can be purchased

locally.

 Splitters can be cascaded ie Output of a splitter can be

connected to input of another splitter.
ONT (Optical Network Terminal)
Connectors
 Optical Patch chords having SC (Square/ Subscriber)
Connector at both ends are used to patch (connect)
Splitter and ONT.
• The ONT is installed at customers house. It connects to the Termination Point (TP)
with an optical fibre cable, and connects to your router via an LAN / Ethernet
cable. It translates light signals from the fibre optic line into electronic signals that
your router can read.
 ONT –Continued
 BSNL ONTs have 4 Fast Ethernet Ports (upto 100Mbps)
and two RJ11 (Landphone) Jacks.

 It can support multiple Broadband connections and Two

Voice Connections simultaneously.

 Customer has to purchase additional WIFI router for

getting WIFI connectivity.

 Lower configuration ONTs are available in local market

from prices starting from Rs 900/-, but ONTs supplied by
the vendor have to be used for best results and so other
ONTs are discouraged.
 ONT –Cont’D
 In case of Alphion OLT, only Alphion ONTs can be
connected.

 Use ONTs in Bridge Mode ie Configure the FTTH

username and password in the customers WIFI router for
best results.

 Voice customers are connected to an IP Switch at Gurgaon.

 Voice numbers start with 29……. For example FTTH voice

customer in TVM BA starts with 0471298…..
 ONT – Configuration
 Different ONTs are configured just as easily as ADSL
Modems.

Vendor IP Address of ONT Username Password

Alphion 192.168.1.251 root admin
ICOM 192.168.1.1 admin admin
Sterlite 192.168.100.1 telecomadmin admintelecom

 Detailed Configurations with screenshots for different ONTs are

available at rttctvm.bsnl.co.in/ftth.html.

 Change default username and password after logging in to

prevent cyber attacks. The configurations for changing the
default username and password are also uploaded to the above
link.
25
 Total Loss in an FTTH Link
• An FTTH Link contains OF Cable, Splices(Joints),
Connectors(Patchings) and Splitters. These causes Losses.

• Total Loss = Fibre Loss + Connector Loss + Splice Loss+

Splitter Loss

Link Losses

OLT Port ONT

Due to Fibre, connectors,
splices, splitters
 Typical Losses in FTTH Link
Item Description Loss

Fibre Optic Cable @ 1310 nM 0.33 dB per KM

Fibre Optic Cable @ 1490 nM 0.21 dB per KM

Splices 0.1 dB per Splice

Connectors 0.5 dB per Connector

1 X 2 Splitter 3.5 dB per splitter

1 X 4 Splitter 7 dB per splitter

1 X 8 Splitter 10.5 dB per splitter

1 X 16 Splitter 14 dB per splitter

1 X 32 Splitter 17.5 dB per splitter

Calculate Approximate Link Loss
easily by
 Total Loss = Splitter Losses + ½ x Cable distance(KM)

 For example for a 9KM connection with an 1x4 splitter

and 1x8 splitter
Total loss
=1:4 splitter loss (7dB) + 1:8 splitter loss(10.5dB) + 9KM cable (0.5x9)
= 7 + 10.5 + 4.5
= 22 dB

 Add 3.5 dB to loss of any lower level splitter to get the loss of
a higher level splitter. For example to get loss of 1x4 splitter
add 3.5 dB to loss of 1x2 splitter (ie 3.5dB+3.5dB=7dB)
Received Power = Transmitted Power - Link Losses

For best results, Received Power level at both ONT and OLT
should be kept between maximum and minimum
optical power levels.

Typically between -10dBm and -25dBm

Terminology used in Documents/ Manuals of
Optical Devices

Receiver Sensitivity - minimum power level

 Receiver Saturation/ Overload level - maximum

allowed power level
 Power Meter
 Powermeter is a simple meter used to
measure Optical Power.
 dBm is the preferred unit in Optical
measurements.

 -3 dBm = 0.5 milli Watts

 0 dBm = 1 milli Watts
 +3 dBm = 2 milli Watts

 Decrease of 3dB means actual

received power is halved.
Do’s & Dont’s
 Keep the fibre connector ends clean. Always close
them with endcaps to protect from dust.

 Handle fibers with care.

 Don’t look into the fibre ends. FTTH power levels are
safe for eyes but what if someone has patched a higher
power? Anyway the LASER used is invisible. So no use
looking.

 Put Lambda(Wavelength) setting in Power meter at

1490 while measuring FTTH power levels. Else the
powerlevel shown will be wrong.
Do’s & Dont’s
 Don’t bend the fibres sharply. If a fibre is bent as much
as it is wrapped around your fingers (as small as a
ring), it will cause losses.

 If an OF cable is bent at a diameter less than 1 feet, it

will cause the plastic buffer tubes inside, to bend,
inturn causing sharp bends and losses in fibres

 Always try to provide FTTH connections with a power

level better than -20dBm even though they will work
upto -25dBm. This will allow for more joints or losses
or increased splits in future.
Do’s & Dont’s
 Use Splitters as near to the subscriber premise as
possible to reduce total amount of fiber
maintained.

 If they have to be used nearer to OLT, use ratio

splitters (for example 10% : 90% or 5% : 95% ) that
can be purchased locally instead of 1x2, 1x4
Splitters.

 Install Splitters at accessible locations for future

maintenance
Do’s & Dont’s
 Always note down the writings on the OF Cable in
each route like manufacturer, manufacturing year,
running meter length etc for future use. Higher
fibre count cables even have a unique cable ID.

 This will help in future when there will be too

many cables of different operators.

 Keep the drawings of each link, with details of

splitters , because traditional methods like OTDR
Testing will not be of much use due to the
presence of splitters.
 Fibre Management Software
 Being developed by IT Cell

 Excel template for filling in each FTTH Connection details

 Cable Details, Splice Latitude/Longitude, Fibre used etc are

to be entered in the template for each connection

 Better fill in the template while giving new connections

itself.

 This will help in future maintenance and fault rectifying.

Trouble shooting an FTTH connection
 Different ONTs have different LED indications to denote
various alarm conditions.
 ICOM ONT
 GEPON LED should be Green and Stable to get data
 VOIP LED should be Green and Stable to get Voice

 Alphion ONT
 FIBRE & DATA LED Green and Stable to get data.

 Detailed Trouble shooting Steps uploaded to

rttctvm.bsnl.co.in/ftth.html
38
 FTTH in areas with no OLT
 Look for spare Gigabit Ethernet (GE) Optical Ports in
 DSLAMs.
 Transmission Equipment like MADMs, ADMs

 Spare DSLAM GE ports can be connected to customer

premises through fibre. Multiple Subscribers can be
connected to same DSLAM GE port using already installed
transmission equipment like MADMs or by purchasing
VLAN Optical Switches. Testing is underway to use NGN
and CPAN equipment.

 The same fibre can be used to carry data of multiple

customers and split to various customers premises by using
VLAN Configurable optical switches.
 Concept of VLAN
 Ethernet packets are sent from customers PC to BSNL
Broadband Cloud.

 DSLAM ADSL Copper Port / FTTH ONTs add a unique

number called VLAN ID to the Ethernet packets from
individual customers. This process is called VLAN Tagging.

 This number starting from 128 is allotted by NIB and

differentiates the traffic of one customer from another.

 If this VLAN tagging can be done manually using some

equipment like VLAN Switch/MADM/CPAN ports, then we
can give Broadband Over Fibre without an OLT.
 Normal Operation with DSLAM/OLT

Tagged Tagged
Ethernet DSLAM Ethernet
Packets Customer
ADSL Port Packets
PC/ WIFI
does VLAN
Router
Towards BB MPLS Cloud via Tagging
RPR/ MNGPAN

Tagged Tagged
Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet
Packets Packets
ONT does Packets Customer
OLT VLAN PC/ WIFI
Tagging Router
Towards BB MPLS Cloud via
RPR/ MNGPAN
 Using DSLAM and MADM
MADM GE MADM FX Port
Port (Provider (32 to 64 Fx Ports
Port) per MADM)
Customer Port

Tagged
Ethernet Tagged
Packets Ethernet MADM Ethernet
Packets does Packets
DSLAM Fx Media
VLAN Convertor
Towards BB MPLS
Cloud via RPR/ MNGPAN
Tagging
Ethernet
Packets

Customer
DSLAM Spare PC/ WIFI
GE Port (2 to 3 Router
available in all
DSLAMs)
 Using DSLAM and VLAN Optical Switch
Switch
GE Port
(Trunk)

Switch GE
Port
(Access)

Ethernet Packets + Tagged Optical

VLAN Tag Ethernet Switch Ethernet GE Media
Packets does Packets Convertor
DSLAM
VLAN @
Towards BB MPLS
Tagging @ Customer
Cloud via RPR/ MNGPAN
BTS Ethernet
Packets

Customer
PC/ WIFI
DSLAM Spare Router
GE Port (2 to 3
available in all
DSLAMs)
 VLAN Optical Switches can be cascaded to get more splits
Switch Switch GE
GE Port Port Optical To more
(Trunk) (Trunk) Switch customers
with
VLAN
Tagged
Ethernet
Tagging @
Packets customer

Ethernet Packets + Tagged Optical

VLAN Tag Ethernet Switch
Packets with GE Media
DSLAM
VLAN Ethernet Convertor
Towards BB MPLS Packets
Cloud via RPR/ MNGPAN
Tagging @
BTS Ethernet
Packets

Customer
Switch GE PC/ WIFI
DSLAM Spare Port Router
GE Port (2 to 3 (Access)
available in all
DSLAMs)
Good practices in the Alternative Scenario
 When installing cables for FTTH from our Exchange
DSLAM or BTS to outside, use 12F/24F since more
fibres will be required as we are not using actual PON.

 When installing fibre to Customer location,

particularly EB customers terminate more fibres at
such customer locations. This will help in later stage
when cascading of optical switches are required.
Regional Telecom Training centre,Trivandrum 46
 Operation through LCO
 Maximum Revenue share of 40 % (ie 60% to BSNL
and 40% to LCO).

 OLT, ONT and Fibre will be owned and maintained

by LCO.

 Bandwidth will be provided at BSNL Exchange

premises. This has to be extended to LCO premises

 Customer will be BSNL customer & Billing by BSNL

 Operation through LCO- CSC Aspects
 The LCOs will be treated as Franchisees. Each LCO
will be attached to a CSC.

 A Franchisee Manager System has been developed by

ITPC as per Franchisee Policy 2016 and is accessible to
the LCO at fms.bsnl.co.in
LCO Connection Work Flow
Customer details entered by Franchisee LCO in FMS

Order created in CRM with details taken from FMS and order
number made available to FMS user

CSC adds plans, other line items and approves

NIB

 Detailed FMS user manual with screen shots uploaded to

rttctvm.bsnl.co.in/ftth.html. The same is also available on
logging in to fms portal.
 Some changes are being taken up by Kerala circle with
ITPC in FMS for streamlining the workflow between FMS-
CRM-Clarity.
 Operation through LCO- CSC Aspects

 LCO may affix a stamp having LCO Name, Signature,

Date, Sale Franchisee code and FTTH Exchange Code
on the top portion of the CAF and then submit the
CAF at the assigned CSC.

 In CRM appropriate option for LCO may be chosen by

the CSC Staff.
 Any DSL Broadband Plan with
Fixed Monthly Charges > Rs. 350 is eligible for
FTTH.

 But BA WISE minimum rates (Mostly Plans from

Rs 599 in case of EKM and Rs 1045 in case of
others) are fixed to ensure that the limited FTTH
ports available are provided to premium
customers and to ensure Return On Investment.

 Lower Plans are allowed in case of LCO

connections.
 BSNL FTTH Tariff-
Kerala Circle Specific Plans
FIBRO Fibro
Fibro
BBG ULD Fibro ULD ULD
Particulars ULD 1045
995 1395 CS49 1895
CS48
CS287 CS129
Upto 20 up to 30
upto 50
Bandwidth Mbps till Mbps till up to 40
Mbps till
(Download 200 GB, 50GB, 2 Mbps till
100GB, 2
Speed) upto 2 Mbps 75GB, 2 Mbps
Mbps
Mbps beyond beyond
beyond
beyond
Fixed Monthly
charges, FMC 995 1045 1395 1895
(Rs)
FMC: Fixed Monthly Charges (Taxes extra)
Voice Calls: As per Landline Plan
Go to http://210.212.237.90/csc/tariff/tariff_ftth.aspx to get latest updates on
circle specific plans
 Upfront Charges in First Bill
 ONT (Modem) Security Deposit: Rs 500 (Refundable)
 ONT Rental: Rs 90
 Security Deposit : Rs 500/- (Refundable) for
 FTTH Landline (For Local + STD)
 FTTH Broadband Standalone Plan *
 FTTH Broadband Combo Plan with FMC upto Rs 500 *
 Security Deposit : One month FMC (Refundable) for
 FTTH Broadband Combo Plans with FMC > Rs 500 *
 FTTH Broadband Only Plans
 Installation Charges: NIL

 * No separate security deposit for Landline will be levied.

 Circular R&C-CFA No. 165/17-18 dtd 31.10.2017
 Waivers & Rebates
 ONT Rental: Rs 90 (Waived off for new customers for first 6
months for new connections taken upto 06.04.2018 )
 Annual Payment Savings (Ask customer to think of it as a Bank
Deposit that automatically pays your FMC monthly, No bank can
give more returns & No hassles of remembering the due date.

One Year Pay for 11 Months 8.3 % savings

Two Year Pay for 21 Months 12.5% savings
Three Year Pay for 30 Months 16.5% savings

 5% discount for Govt/PSU/Retired Employees/Visually Impaired

Customers
 Waivers & Rebates
 Waiver of one month rental charges under
landline/DSL/FTTH plan for the customers booked
through Social Media (Facebook/Twitter) for a period of
one year wef 30.10.2017

 The above scheme shall also be applicable for those new

customers who were booked after 02.06.2017

 BSNL Facebook Page: Book Now

 Twitter or Browser: goo.gl/y3cNj5

 R&C-CFA circular No.163/17-18 dated 30.10.2017.

 FTTH Marketing Initiatives
 Focused marketing to be done. Make available good OLT
power at a location, put up a Splitter and market around the
place. For example flats or commercial complexes.

 Target the potential customers especially younger

generation doing business, start-ups working in Techno
parks / smart city areas

 Exchange level FTTH team is to be constituted for speedy

provision & maintenance.

 BAs are requested to undergo Tender Process

immediately to deploy more contractors for above purpose
including splicing, laying of fibre etc.
 FTTH Marketing Initiatives
 The service of all channels like Staff marketing, Udaan,
Franchisee, DSA may be ensured to promote and to get
maximum BB/FTTH connections.

 Exchange level DSA enrolment should be done to the

maximum extent possible for improving BB & FTTH
provision, maintenance and marketing activities.

 All the field officers should be actively involved in Marketing,

Generating leads and Provisioning of the FTTH connection.

 The CAF for providing FTTH connection is to be accepted in all

Cat l and Cat ll CSCs and any other CSC where commercial
activities are being carried out.
 FTTH Marketing Initiatives
 In the case of FTTH connections to Gram Panchayats, using
NOFN networks, the possibilities of providing 3 more FTTH
connections (from the ONT of each GP) to the
nearby/colocated Government offices to be explored

 Possibility of utilising NOFN fibres and OLT ports to be

explored

 More MOU should be signed with LCOs especially in non

feasible areas for achieving FTTH target.
 How to ensure customer Loyalty
 Promote annual plans. A 3 year annual plan paid upfront is
an effective way to lockin a customer for 3 years.
 Promote 5% discounted schemes for PSU/Govt servants
etc.
 Voice connections along with broadband FTTH can be
provided if feasible.
 All the above 3 categories customers will not migrate to
other service providers as the above facilities are not
available elsewhere.
 Above all, maintain good relations with LCO customers
and keep up the relations in a periodical manner, while
accepting bills at the CSC counters or when they report
faults.
Regional Telecom Training centre,Trivandrum 63