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History of Nursing

Occupations
AMIR SULTAN
BSN
NURSING LECTURER
NATIONAL COLLEGE OF NURSING
Where Did Nursing Begin?

Nursing has been done since the dawn of


human life
“Nurse” is derived from the Latin work
nutricius, meaning nourishing
Nurses practiced in ancient Egypt
Rise of Christianity brought about
increased involvement of virgins and
widows in the work of treating the ill.
Who were..

the first
‘nurses’?
 Throughout the middle ages, care was
provided primarily by religious orders to
sick and poor

 Some of the earliest nurses were nuns.

 Sisters of mercy order originated in 1830s


by roman catholic church in Dublin (still
exists today)
During the Middle ages continued…

 No specific training was


required for someone to
become a nurse

 Wealthy individuals received


care at home by doctors
Besides nuns, other early
nurses included:
Women of ill repute
Poor, single women with
no family or hope of
marriage
Prisoners, servants and
slaves
Nursing prior to the late 1800s:
 Required no specialized
training

 Paid badly, if at all


Was considered
unrespectable
Cont..
 Carried out under deplorable conditions

 Was NOT regarded as A profession

 Often did little to help patients recover


Nursing as a profession

 Emerged in late 19th century


 Credit is given to Florence
Nightingale
Who was
Florence Nightingale?
 She was born in 1820 and died in 1910
 Born in Italy to wealthy English parents
 Frustrated by lack of options for women of
her social background
 Defied parents and society and traveled to
Germany and throughout Europe to train
as a nurse
 Her big opportunity came when the
Crimean war broke out in 1854
During Crimean War:
 Secretary of War asked her to go take
charge of the hospital in Turkey.

 Nightingale showed up with 38 trained


nurses and faced a death rate of 40%

 She was met by patients lying on boards


among piles of filth, patients received only
one meal a day, no supplies, no sanitation,
and hostility from army doctors
Her accomplishments at Scutari in two years
included:
 Death rate decreased to 2%
 She established cleanliness and
sanitation rules
 Patients received special diets
and plenty of food
Cont….
 Improved water supply

 Patients received proper nursing care

 Nightingale established a reputation which


allowed her to improve nursing standards at
home
Florence Nightingale
 Nightingale established nursing school at St.
Thomas’ Hospital, London upon return

 By 1887, Nightingale had her nurses


working in six countries and U.S.

 Nightingale developed basic philosophy are:


the profession of nursing different from
other existing programs
Cont….
 Nightingale was a nurse, philosopher, statistician,
historian, politician and more

 Today Nightingale is considered the founder of


modern nursing
Nightingales ‘7’ basic tenets were that:
 1. The content of nursing education must be
defined by nurses.

 2. Nurse educators are responsible for the nursing


care provided by students and graduates of the
nursing program.

 3. Educators should be trained nurses themselves.

 4. Nursing schools should be separate entities, not


connected with physicians or hospitals.
Nightingale’s Basic tenets continued..
 5. Nurses should be prepared with advanced
education and should engage in continuing
education throughout their careers.

 6. Nursing involves both sick nursing and


healthy nursing and includes the
environment as well as the patient (holism).

 7. Nursing must include theory.

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